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OTITIS MEDIA (causes (cholesteatoma (formed from (keratinizing stratified…
OTITIS MEDIA
is defined as
inflammation in the middle ear
has
6 grades
according to
otitis media grade scale
is more prevalence in
children
low socioeconomic status
classified into
AOM
which have
middle ear effusion
OME
have
without
sign of acute inflammation
CSOM
chronic infection of middle ear cavity
causes
mild to moderate CHL
impairs
speech and language development
such as
phonetic and speech articulation problems
reading comprehension
SNHL loss at high frequencies
due to
biochemical and structural alterations of the cochlea
cholesteatoma
formed from
keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
damages
eardrum and ossicles
causes
conductive or sensorineural hearing loss
infection to the vestibular system
affects
balance
infection in other parts of the head
such as
mastoiditis
meningitis
lateral sinus thrombosis
intracranial abscess
facial nerve palsy
acute labyrinthitis
assessed by
OE
air-fluid level behind TM
TM perforation
Distinctly red, yellow or cloudy TM
bulging TM
Discharge in the ear canal
tympanometry
Type B with normal ECV/large ECV
PTA
mild-to-moderate hearing loss
CHL
ASR
contralateral
ipsilateral
absence of reflex
managed by
ENT doctor
active observation
prescribe patient
with acute otitis media
antibiotic
with otitis media effusion
short term intranasal steroids
perform on patient
with otitis media effusion
myringotomy with VT
myringotomy with VT + adenoidectomy
audiologist
prescribe for patient
with otitis media effusion
hearing aids
perform
hearing monitoring
prevented by
vaccines
such as
Pneumococcal vaccine
Influenza vaccine
breastfeeding more than 3 months
avoidance of tobacco smoke exposure
showed
signs and symptoms of
reduced hearing
recurrent otalgia
fever
fluid draining from the ear
prenatal and perinatal Factors
such as
very preterm birth (<33 weeks gestation)
very low birth weight (<1.5 kg)
breastfeeding less than 3 months
increase the risk of
craniofacial abnormalities
day care/home care
passive smoking and environmental pollution