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ACIDS AND BASES (Arrhenius Theory (Explanation (Acids produce H+ in…
ACIDS AND BASES
Arrhenius Theory
Explanation
Acids produce H+ in aqueous solution
Bases Produce OH- in aqueous solution
Neutralization: H+ and OH- ions react with water
Acids and bases that fit in the theory
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Limitations
defines acids and bases only on its
dissociation with aqueous solution
not able to explain neutralization reactions
that do not involve water
Bronsted-Lowry Theory
explanation
An acid is a proton (H+) donor
Bases are proton (H+) acceptors
Amphiprotic: water can be an acid or a base
Weak/strong acids and bases
Weak acids and bases are reversible
Strong acids and bases are irreversible
Relationship with Arrhenius theory
Adds to the theory instead
of being different
Bases accept Hydrogen (H+) ions from acids
and form water
Does not require a solvent
like the Arrhenius theory
Limitations
Can't explain reactions occurring in X-H bonds.
Reactions that do not have hydrogen atoms
cant explain reactions that occur without solvents
Lewis Theory
explanation
bases have an available electron pair
Acids: Unshared pair of electrons
attaches to acids
Neutralization: forms additional compounds
Limitations
Strengths of acids and bases are not calculated
Relationship with other theories
includes all cases that fit into
Bronsted-lowry theory
Doesn't require solvent or protons