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Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers (Division Coniferophyta:…
Seed Plants I: Seed Plants Without Flowers
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms
Aneurophytales
vary from small shrubs to tall trees
Archaeopteridales
trees up to 8.4 m tall with abundant wood and secondary phloem
Evolution of Seeds
Integument
Micropyle
hole in the integument
Pollen chamber
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns
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Appeared in Upper Devonian period
any woody plants with fern-like foliage that bears seeds
Manoxylic
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
long shoots
tiny papery leaves
short shoots
axils in long shoots
simple cones
single short unbranched axis
Compound cones
has a shoot with axillary buds
cone bracts
short axis bearing leaves
ovuliferous scale
megasporophylls fused laterally
Suspensor
pushes other cells into megagametophyte
Proembryo
develop into the embryo
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
contain stout trunks with pinnately compound leaves
less than 1 to 2 m tall
internally similar to seed ferns
bark and persistent leaf base present
foliage does note contain ovules
Division Cycadeoidophyta: Cycadeoids
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All species extinct
vegetative features almost identical to cycads
individual cones contain microsporophylls and megasporophylls
cup shaped and contained numerous microsporangia
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
only living species is
Ginkgo biloba
lacks vessels and axial parenchyma
both short shoots and long shoots
Reproduction is dioecious and gymnospermous
Division Gnetophyta
Anthophytes
fossils of gnetophyte organs and tissues
Gnetum
vines or small shrubs
broad leaves
Ephedra
tough shrubs and bushes
leaves reduced and scale like
Welwitschia mirabilis
only exist in deserts of south africa
short wide stem and only two leaves
Concepts
Lignophytes
descended from monophyletic group of woody plants
Spermatophytes
seed plants
Manoxylic Wood
very soft, spongy, parenchymatous wood
Pycnoxylic wood
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hard, strong wood with little parenchyma
Gymnosperms
have naked ovules
Angiosperms
flowering plants
