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61 year old man had a Stroke (anatomy (cerebral hemispheres (lobes…
61 year old man had a Stroke
why have the specific symptoms?
bleeding outside the brain
left cerebal hemisphere is affected
motor functions are affected
alcohol intake
what will you tell the wife?
he may recover his lost motor faculties
will need physical therapy to prevent muscle contractures
successful treatment is tissue plasminogen activator(tPA)
may have temporary or permanent outcomes
may be able to play piano again
what causes a stroke?
when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked
blood clot that blocks a cerebral artery
how could alcohol abuse affect him?
if he doesn't keep up with other health issues, it can add up
raises blood pressure
how many years he has been drinking
so much intake can damage the brain and cause injuries
if continue drinking, how will it affect his outcomes?
possibly death
have another stroke
complicated health issues
organs can be affected
immediate effect of the stroke on the brain?
difficulties with speaking, paralyzed, walk without assistance
can't use his right hand or arm
needs assistance
can be paralyzed on one side of the body
difficulty understanding
what factors will determine if condition worsens or improves?
whether his motor skills come back
if he can play the piano
if he is still paralyzed
if years go by
if the brain is too damaged
physiology
functions of the brain
cerebral hemispheres
gray matter
localizes, controls voluntary and muscle, intellectual and emotional processing
basal nuclei
subcortical motor centers, control skeletal muscle movements
diencephalon
thalamus
sensory impulses, impulses btw cerebral motor cortex and lower motor centers, memory
hypothalamus
integration, regulates body temp, food intake, water balance, thirst, biological rhythms and drives, regulates hormonal output, produces posterior pituitary hormones ADH and oxytocin
limbic system
cerebral and diencephalon structures, mediates emotional response, memory
cerebellum
process info, provides instructions, responsible for balance and posture
brain stem
midbrain
visual, auditory, subcortical motor centers, nuclei for cranial nerves III and IV, projection fibers
pons
relays information from cerebrum to cerebellum, medullary respiratory centers to control respiratory rate and depth, nuclei of cranial nerves V-VII, projection fibers
medulla oblongata
ascending sensory pathway impulses from skin and proprioceptors through nuclei cuneatus and gracilis, visceral nuclei,relays sensory info, nuclei of cranial nerves VIII-X and XII, projection fibers, site of decussation of pyramids
reticular formation
maintains cerebral cortical alertness, filters out repetitive stimuli, regulate skeletal and visceral muscle activity
functions of cerebral cortex
motor areas
frontal lobe
premotor cortex
plans movement
playing musical instruments, typing
broca's area
motor speech area
primary motor cortex
consciously control
face, tongue, hands, etc.
frontal eye field
movement of eyes
sensory areas
primary somatosensory cortex
receive information
somatosensory association cortex
integrate sensory inputs
visual areas
primary
receives
association
interpret
auditory
primary
impulses to transmit
association
permits the perception
vestibular (equilibrium) cortex
conscious awareness of balance
olfactory cortex
smell
gustatory cortex
taste
visceral sensory area
visceral sensations
multimodal associations areas
limbic association
emotional impact
posterior association
recognizing faces and patterns, localizing and binding diff sensory inputs
anterior association
intellect, complex learning, recall and personality
stroke
cerebrovascular accidents
blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and brain tissues dies of ischemia(a reduction of blood supply that impairs the delivery of oxygen and nutrients)
nervous system disorder
effects of alcohol on the brain
kills brain cells
blocks chemical signals
nervous system
hastens the process of the brain shrinking
affects mind and body
affects organs
reduces density
mental deterioration
why symptoms are different for everyone
depends on the areas affected
can have temporary outcomes
can have permanent outcomes
years of alcohol drinking
health
age
transient ischemic attacks
anatomy
embryonic structure
neural tube
secondary vesicles
mesencephalon
brain stem
midbrain
metencephalon
brain stem
pons
cerebellum
diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina
myelencephalon
brain stem
medulla oblongata
telencephalon
cerebrum
cerebral hemispheres
cortex, white matter, basal nuclei
primary vesicles
prosencephalon
forebrain
mesencephalon
midbrain
rhombencephalon
hindbrain
neural canal regions
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
third ventricle
central canal
lateral ventricles
regions of cerebrum-lobes
regions of the brain
diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system
emotional visceral brain
brain stem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongota
reticular formation
cerebral hemispheres
gray matter
basal nuclei
cerebellum
brain tissue
white matter
myelinated axons, fatty tissue
gray matter
short, nonmyelinated neurons and neuron cell bodies
ventricles
fourth ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
third ventricle
interventricular foramen
lateral ventricle
septum pellucidum
cerebral hemispheres
sulci
central
parieto-occipital
lateral
fissures
longitudinal
transverse
lobes
parietal
temporal
frontal
occipital
insula
gyrus
precentral
postcentral
white matter
basal nuclei
cerebral cortex
conscious mind
gray matter