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vascular plants without seeds (the microphyll line of evolution:…
vascular plants without seeds
early vascular plants
rhyniophytes
equal dichotomous branching- branches were equal in size and vigor
end of branches contain sporogenous tissues
sporangium have to open to release spores
early vascular plants similar to cooksomia
fossils of similar plants
xylem structure of early vascular plants
2 types of xylem
protostele
endarch protostele- protoxylem is the xylem that differentiates while cells are small and narrow
type of stele
siphonstele- pith is present in the center
occurs in the stem of ferns and seed plants
zosterophyllophytes
small herbs without secondary growth
features similar to those of rhyniophytes
the microphyll line of evolution: lycophytes
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trimerophytes
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fossils resemble those of rhyniophytes
homospory dichotomous branching
distinct advancement out of rhyniophytes due to several features
overtoping
psuedomonopodial branching
single main trunk
origin of megapylls
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megaphylls- leaves that evolved from branch systems
megaphyll evolution summarized by telome theory
telomes- last two twigs produced in dichotomous branching
plants form a clade called euphyllophytes
monilophytes
sister clade of euphyllophytes
ferns
leptosporangiate ferns
most familiar ferns
found in almost any habitat
at each node a leaf trace diverges
leaf gap- small segment of vascular cylinder as just parenchyma
equisetophytes
classifies as division arthrophyta
contains horse tails or scouring rushes
small leaves with a single trace of vascular tissue
if branches are present, they alternate with the leaves
represents line of evolution similar to zosterophyllophytes
heterospory
lycophytes sporangia are clustered together in groups called cones or strobili
microspores and megaspores
the term vascular crytograms
ferns and fern allies
contains vascular tissue and lack seeds
reproduction is hidden (crypto)
lack:
seeds
flowers
fruits
ancestors of eachother
trimerophytes resemble rhyniophytes
megaphylls have dichotonmous branching as well
this is an image of a rhyniophyte
this is an image of a fern
this is an image of dichotomous branching
