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1.8 - Ethical, Legal, Cultural & Environmental concerns (Cultural…

- - - - Social networking sites and blogs have opened a world of sharing our daily lives and thoughts on a global scale
      - This has introduced the concept of viral media, when media posts get so rapidly spread around the Internet that they are seen by millions of people in a very short space of time.
      - They have also developed a culture of 'selfies', allowing us to share a self-taken picture of us showing what we are currently doing, or where we currently are
      - Blogging - allows people to publish writing, art or other media who might have been ignored by mainstream media
    - - Cyber bullying - can cause serious distress
      - Trolling - causing public arguments online for your own amusement or to gain attention
      - These problems may be the result of anonymity that the internet gives people. They say things online that they wouldn't say face-to-face
      - Children accessing inappropriate material
      - Sexting
      - Are people becoming self-obsessed (attention seeking) through the use of social media?
  - - - Causes
        
        Sunlight/artificial light shining on monitor
        
        looking at the screen for too long
      - Possible solutions
        
        Take regular breaks away from the screen
        
        Adjust the screen
        
        Use anti-glare screen
    - - Cause
        
        Performing repeated actions eg. clicking the mouse
      - Possible solutions
        
        Use wrist rests to support your hands
        
        Take breaks from repeating actions
    - - Causes
        
        Sitting in the wrong position
        
        Sitting in the same position for a long time
      - Possible Solutions
        
        Change the height of the chair/screen
        
        Adjust the lumbar support
        
        Move the computer closer or further away
    - - Causes
        
        Sitting in the wrong position
        
        Sitting in the same position for a long time
      - Possible solutions
        
        Adjust the chair so that your feet are on the ground, or use a foot rest
        
        Take regular breaks to stretch your legs
  - - - Less need for office space
      - Less time wasted travelling to place of work
      - More flexible hours
  - - - Digital TV channels
      - On demand streaming content
      - Home entertainment systems
      - Gaming is a huge $100bn a year industry. Top games can earn more than blockbuster films
  - - - Interactive whiteboards
      - Virtual learning enviroments (fronter)
      - Ebook versions of textbooks
      - Computerised admin
  - - - They may not have enough money to purchase the technology
      - They may live in a rural area that lacks network coverage
      - They lack experience with technology and are often afraid to use it
      - They live in a country that does not have the infrastructues to support the technology
- - - - Data must be processed fairly and lawfully
      - Data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive
      - Data must be accurate and up to date
      - Data must not be retained for longer than necessary
      - Data can only be used for the purpose for which it was collected
      - Data must be kept secure
      - Not transferred outside the European Economic Area (EEC) without adequate protection
    - - See the personal data an organisation holds on them
      - Demand that incorrect information is amended
      - Demand that the data is not used in any way that could harm or distress
      - Demand that any data held by the organisation is not used for direct marketing
  - - - Unauthorised access to computer material eg. hacking
      - Unauthorised acces with intent to commint or facilitate a crime eg. stealing data
      - Unauthorised modification of computer material eg. deleting data, destroying systems
      - Making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences
  - - - Copyright applies to anything that can be written (such as books, music, and program code), as well as images. Once something has been written, copyright exists immediately, without the need to apply for it
      - A registered design (applicable to computer science) would apply to logos, icons or similar. As the name suggests, such images need to be registered, and they need to have been unique prior to being registered
      - Patents can be used to protect inventions. This would apply to a piece of hardware or a process (such as a new method of printing), but not to program code
  - - - Public domain - there are no restrictions. Work can be used without permission or attribution
      - Attribution Commercial license - work can be used, distributed or copied as the creator is given credit for having created it eg. can insist on having their name on it if re-used