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Colonialism & The Country Side (Sources (Official Reports, Legal…

- - - - Permanent Settlement
        
        Introduced in 1793
        
        Made with Rajas & Taluqdars
        
        Fixed amount of revenue for eternity
        
        Zamindars default
        
        due to
        
        High Demand
        
        eco-depression
        
        Sunset Law
        
        If Payment not made by sunset, the land will be auctioned
        
        Limited Power
        
        New Class Arose
        
        Jotedars
        
        Refers to a rich peasant
        
        Eventually became more powerful than the Zamindars
        
        Problem Arose
        
        Fictitious Sale
        
        Reduce the price after seizing and the Zamindar would buy it again
        
        Led to failure of Permanent Settlement #
        
        5th Report
        
        Report written by the East India Company to justify the failing of the Permanent settlements #
    - - Pahariyas
        
        Hunter & Gathers + Forest as Lively hood
        
        Raid Plains
        
        Settled Aggriculture
        
        Got Paid Tribute to Reduce Raid + Peace
      - Britishers Forced Pahariyas
        
        Settled Agriculture
        
        1770s Policy of extermination
        
        Killed as many people as they could catch #
        
        1780s Policy of Passification
        
        Paid Monthly Salary to do Settled Agriculture #
      - Retreated into the High Hills (Pahariyas)
        
        Santhals Migrated (Propagated by the british) (1780)
        
        Already Practiced Plough Aggriculture
        
        got given Huge land
        
        Damin-i-Koh
      - Problem Faced #
        
        Heavy Taxes
        
        Money Lenders
        
        Oppression By Zamindars
      - Santhal Revolt (1855-56) #
        
        Created a Santhal Pargana
        
        Dedicated District
      - Primary Source
        
        Francis Buchanana Report
    - - David Ricardo
        
        Extremely Famous Economist
        
        No Permanent Settlement
        
        Only Temporary Settlement
      - Ryotwari Settlement (Raiyatwari Settlement)
        
        Based on the concept of
        
        Average Rent #
        
        Problems
        
        Very High
        
        1830s - Prices :arrow_down:
        
        1832-34 - famine
        
        i.e. Borrow = debt
      - 1845 - economic recovery :smiley:
      - British order India to provide Cotton
        
        due to US Civil war (1891)
        
        Cotton Boom in India
      - American Civil War Ended (1865)
        
        Ending of Cotton exports
      - AS IF THIS WASNT ENOUGH
        
        2nd revenue revision came into place #
        
        Revenue demand went from 50% - 100%
        
        Money Lenders now Refused to Provide Loans
        
        Loss of faith in payback
        
        Angered Peasants #
        
        Customary Norms
        
        Actively Oppression
      - REVOLTS
        
        Deccan Riots Commission (called by the Parliament in Britain)
        
        Deccan Riots Commission Report