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Industrial Revolution - Exam Revision (Short Term Impacts (Increase in…
Industrial Revolution - Exam Revision
Short Term Impacts
Increase in Population
Rural to Urban movement
Diseases because of carbon planning
Improved Living standards
Spread of IR
Started in Britain
Spread around Europe
Spread to Countries Rich in Natural Resources
USA had lots of resources
innovated
Japan contributed wool, cotton, tea, fabric
Transport
Steam Locomotive
Steam Ship
Combustion Engine
Improvements to roads, bridges and railways
Long Term Impacts
Environmental
Air Pollution
Reduced Air Quality
Smog (coal burning)
Mercury and Lead
Water Pollution
Running out of fossil fuels
Cotton, Wool and Iron
Factories employed workers to do repetitive simple tasks.
Less skilled workers needed
Inventions
Cotton Mills
Spinning Jenny
Flying Shuttle
Water Frame
Cromptons Mule
Socialism and Trade Unions
Capitalism
Poor Conditions
Violent, Organised Protests
'The People's Charter'
Karl Max
Socialism
Communism
Welfare State
Trade Clubs
Unions
Fought for the rights of workers
Living Conditions
Varied Classes of Society
Aristocrats
Wealthy
Luxurious
Lived off other two classes
Middle Class
Doctors
Factory Owners
Lawyers
Industralists
Lived in outskirts of cities in bigger houses
Working Class (lower class)
Tightly packed housing
No proper ammenities
Agriculture
The Enclosures
More than 4000 enclosure acts(laws) were passed by the British Parliament.
The Acts transferred areas of common land to private landowners from local farmers
Smaller areas of land were joined together to create farms
Enclosed by hedges or stone walls
Local Farmers could no longer graze their animals
Crop Rotation
Four Field System
Grow Wheat in 1st Field
Barley in 2nd Field
Root Vegetables in 3rd Field
Clover in 4th Field
Each season the crops were rotated.
No Field was left Fallow
Soil in each field was high in nutrients and minerals
Improved Farming Methods
Mechanical Drills for Seed Planting
Reaping Machines for Harvesting Crops
Threshing Machines to Separate Valuable Grain from the stalks of Wheat and Barley
Factories
More Machines
Less people required to work
Less skills required
Quicker and more efficient
Salaries increased
Profits increased
Working Conditions
Middle/Higher Class
Stable Employment/Income
Good working conditions
Lower Class
Dangerous Conditions
Low Pay
Long Hours
Women and children worked
Why it occurred in Britain
Lots of people wanted to move to cities (not rural Farms)
Factories employed more workers
Need for improvements/advancements because more people use them
Political environment was stable compared to France
Key Events
Began in 1750
Changes in Farming
Changes in living and working
Lots of sickness and illness
Inventions
Coal Powered Steam Engine
Spinning and Weaving