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52 year old female with ALS (Further complications (Treatments for ALS(no…
52 year old female with ALS
Direct
Nerve cells are deteriorating
lower motor neurons are smaller in ALS
indirect
Hereditary (father has ALS)
Military Service (Gulf war Veteran)
Age-52 higher risk after 40
Background
Cerebrum
Gyrus
Precentral gyrus
anterior to central sulcus
primary motor
postcentral gyrus
posterior to central sulcus
primary sensory
Occipital lobe
visual info
Central sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes
parietal lobe
general sensory functions
Frontal lobe
personality and motor functions
temporal lobe
hearing and smell
insula
taste
longitudinal fissue
separates cerebral heispheres
Spinal cord
Arachnoid mater
cauda equina
central canal
cervical enlargement
conus medularis
dorsal gray horn
dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
dura mater
filum terminale
lateral gray horn
lumbar enlargement
pia mater
ventral gray horn
ventral root
white mater funculi
neurons
receptor
dendrites of sensory neurons detect stimuli
sensory neuron
transmit sensory impulses to CNS
interneuron
processes sensory impulses
predicts correct motor response
motor neuron
transmits motor impulses from CNS to effector
effector
muscles or glands
Ascending Tracts
Go to brain
First neuron
brings info to spinal cord
second neuron
interneuron in dorsal horn
third neuron
neuron in thalamus connects with cerebral cortex
Spinothalamic tract
start in spinal cord, go to thalamus
Descending Tracts
motor info from brain to body
upper motor neuron
brain or brainstem
lower motor neuron
neuron that synapses with muscle
Corticospinal tract
starts is cerebral cortex and ends in spinal cord
Process of movement
precentral gyrus
regulates many of bodies motor functions
basal nuclei
prevents unwanted movement
cerebellum
regulates moto movements
assist with equlibrium
descending tract
signal starts in brain and travels down spinal cord
vestibulospinal
info comes from the brainstem
Further complications
Muscle weakenss
difficulty walking
weakness in limbs
hard to raise hands or legs
Falling or tripping
slurred speech
swallowing diffuculty
muscle spasms
occasional inappropriate behavior
cognitive changes
Breathing problems
Treatments for ALS(no cure)
Medication to control muscle spasms
Physical therapy to assist with pain and mobility
nutritional support for when is becomes difficult to swallow
psychological support
neurons are malcunctioning
lower motor neurons are smaller
muscles weaken