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ALS patient 58 years old disease confirmed by genetic testing and family…

- - - - connected to bone responsible for movement
    - - heart
    - - intestines, stomach, respiratory
  - - - located laterally and superior this area of the brain helps process incoming messages of balance and other inter and outer body environmental factors
    - - located posteriorly this area is mostly responsible for sight
    - - located laterally, this section helps with integrating memories processing many of the senses such as sound
    - - located at the anterior section of the brain, it controls personality, emotions, and within the frontal lobe is the precentral gyrus that controls motor functions
  - - - Ascending tracts
        
        sensory neurons, collect information
      - Descending tracts
        
        motor neurons, cause action with skeletal muscles
    - - dorsal horn
        
        Interneurons that receive visceral or somatic messages
      - lateral horn
        
        contains visceral motor neurons
        
        these control smooth muscle actions as well as involuntary muscle actions
      - ventral horn
        
        contains somatic motor neurons
        
        these control tactile responses and cause extension and flexion with the skeletal muscles
  - - - myofibril
        
        sarcomere
        
        Actin, part of sliding filament within the sarcomere
        
        Myosin,opposing sliding filament, binds with actin during Cross Bridge Cycle
        
        Troponin, changes shape when bined with Ca shape change cause a release from anchoring to tropomyosin
        
        Tropomyosin, long noodle structures that prevent myosin from binding to the actin, when troponin releases it is able to move allowing Cross Bridge Cycle to occur
        
        sarcolemma
        
        outer layer of muscle fiber provides insulation and protection
    - - neurons
        
        Axon, tail like component of neuron, this is also where summation occurs
        
        Axon terminals, end of neuron cell they send messages to other neurons and muscle fibers
        
        Cell body, sight of message deciphering
        
        Neurotransmitters, small chemicals that are used to relay messages or actions between neurons and fibers
        
        dendrites, help receive messages from other neurons via chemical receptors
      - Sensory neuron,afferent neurons, collect information from receptors, also can be known as ascending neurons
      - Motor neuron, efferent neurons, send directions for the proper response, descending neurons
- - - - starting in the brain a signal is sent down the neurons axon to synapse with the interneuron in the ventral horn which will signal the second neuron to send signal to move the muscle
  - - - coupling neuron impulses to muscle fibers to cause movement
        
        axon sends a signal down to axon terminal which releases neurotransmitters within the synaptic vesicle
        
        at the neuromuscular junction these signals sent as Acetylcholine, trigger the muscle that movement is to occur by depolarizing the sarcomere
        
        this causes calcium release which then binds to troponin causing shape change which releases tropomyosin "noodles" allowing myosin heads to bind with actin, aka Cross Bridge Cycle