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Effects of Stroke on the Brain (Downstream Effects (If he continues to…
Effects of Stroke on the Brain
Downstream Effects
What will you tell the wife
about her husband’s mental faculties or his ability to play the piano?
If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain, the right side of the body will be affected, producing some or all of the following:
Paralysis on the right side of the body
Speech/language problems
Slow, cautious behavioral style
Memory loss
If the stroke occurs in the right side of the brain, the left side of the body will be affected, producing some or all of the following:
Paralysis on the left side of the body
Vision problems
Quick, inquisitive behavioral style
Memory loss
His memory loss and paralysis will greatly inhibit his ability to recover and play the piano however he may retain some music memory and be able to play with one hand
When stroke occurs in the brain stem, depending on the severity of the injury, it can affect both sides of the body and may leave someone in a ‘locked-in’ state. When a locked-in state occurs, the patient is generally unable to speak or achieve any movement below the neck.
What factors will likely determine if
his condition worsens or improves over time?
Drinking habits, eating habits, overall health and attention to recovery, presence of rehabilitation, physical and speech therapy
What is the immediate effect of the stroke on the brain?
A stroke may cause loss of balance or unconsciousness, which may result in a fall.
If he continues to drink heavily, how might this affect his
outcomes?
Drinking after a stroke still leads to High blood pressure which is the biggest risk factor for stroke
Alcohol can interfere with the medicine you take to reduce stroke risk.
Healthy men and women should have no more than two standard drinks a day, and no more than four standard drinks on any one occasion.
Your doctor can advise when it is safe for you to start drinking alcohol again and how much alcohol it is safe for you to drink.
Always a possibility of inducing another stroke. Best method of stroke prevention in this case is healthy habits, which does not include consuming alcohol. Alcohol consumption should be at a minimum
Upstream Causes
What directly causes a stroke?
• a blockage (ischaemic stroke), or
• a bleed (haemorrhagic stroke)
Why does this patient have the specific symptoms he
has?
can’t speak, use his right hand and arm, or walk without assistance
A stroke damages brain cells so they can no longer work properly. As a result, the areas of your body they control are also affected
Damaged left side of brain which controls movement on right side of body
How could alcohol abuse affect his risk of a stroke?
Atrial fibrillation and alcohol
a type of irregular heartbeat... increases your risk of stroke because it can cause blood clots to form in the heart. If these clots move up into the brain, it can lead to stroke.
Background
The anatomy of the brain
Cerebrum
The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopaminergic pathways are associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation.
The temporal lobe consists of structures that are vital for declarative or long-term memory.
The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.
The parietal lobe integrates sensory information, spatial sense and navigation. The major sensory inputs from the skin (touch, temperature, and pain receptors), relay through the thalamus to the parietal lobe.
the cerebellum plays an important role in motor control, attention and language as well as in regulating fear and pleasure responses, and movement-related functions
What a stroke is and why symptoms and outcomes can differ so much in different patients
a blood clot forms in a main artery to
the brain
a blood vessel bursts within the brain
Symptoms
numbness, weakness or paralysis on one side of your body (for example, a limp arm or leg, or a drooping lower eyelid or mouth)
slurred speech, or difficulty finding words
sudden blurred vision or loss of sight
a sudden, severe headache
Effects of alcohol on the brain
Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, impaired memory
Thymine; Up to 80 percent of alcoholics have a deficiency in thiamine
The cerebellum, an area of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and perhaps even some forms of learning, appears to be particularly sensitive to the effects of thiamine deficiency
Can cause Wernicke’s encephalopathy: symptoms include mental confusion, paralysis of the nerves that move the eyes (i.e., oculomotor disturbances), and difficulty with muscle coordination.
Korsakoff’s psychosis, a chronic and debilitating syndrome characterized by persistent learning and memory problems. Patients with Korsakoff’s psychosis are forgetful and quickly frustrated and have difficulty with walking and coordination
.