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Genetic testing confirms that this patient has ALS (downstream (paralyzes…
Genetic testing confirms that this patient has ALS
indirect
Genetic Predesposition
Father suspected to have died from ALS
patients brother died of ALS
genetically more susceptible
military service
causes an increase in risk
patient is a veteran
age
after the age of 40 there is an increased risk
patient is age 50
Direct
nervous cells effected
motor neurons to gradually deteriorate
limited movement of arms and legs
inability to play pool
lack of ability to walk as much
clumsiness
downstream
Tripping and falling
Weakness in your leg, feet or ankles
difficulty walking
Difficulty doing normal daily activities
physical therapy
Muscle relaxant
Hand weakness or clumsiness
twitching in your arms, or shoulders
physical therapy
Muscle relaxant
trouble swallowing
twitching tongue
malnutrition and dehydration
possible death
gastrostomy
pneumonia
possible death
gastrostomy
Muscle cramps
Slurred speech
inability to communicate understabily
Glutamate blocker
Cognitive and behavioral changes
uncontrollable crying, laughing or yawning
Glutamate blocker
paralyzes the muscles used for respiration
respiratory failure
death
tracheostomy
see a specialist
problems with memory and decision-making
Glutamate blocker
Anatomy
neurons
axon
message gets sent through here and to another neuron
dendrites
receive message from other neurons
cell body
interneurons
collect information from receptors
motor neurons
send directions for right responder
controls skeletal muscles
spinal cord
important part of neuron system
attached to midbrain
Asending and Descending Tracts
Desending
motor tract
skeletal muscles respond
EX. Corticospinal Tract
message starts in brain
message gets sent to responding muscles
usually uses two neurons
upper motor neurons (brain), into lower motor neurons (muscles)
Asending
EX. Spinothalamic Tract
receptor neurons bring message to spinal cord
interneurons in the dorsal horn
1 more item...
message coming from a receptor neuron and send up to spinal cord
usually 3 neurons used
sensory tract
information sent to brain for processing
lumbar enlargement
nerves going to legs
cauda equina
group of spinal nerves that extend off the end of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
cone-shaped end of spinal cord
cervical enlargement
nerves going to arms
film terminale
extension of Pia mater, anchor spinal cord
composed of white and gray matter
white matter
white matter funiculi
columns of myelinated axons, outer surface surrounding gray horn
gray matter
central canal
opening in middle containing CSF
can cause the issues of mobility
ventral root
bundle of motor neurons
leave spinal cord to travel to muscles and glands
dorsal gray horn
posterior, interneurons
ventral gray horn
motor neurons traveling to skeletal muscles and glands
Dorsal root
bundle of sensory neurons , posterior
lateral gray horn
autonomic motor neurons
Dorsal root Ganglion
enlargement where sensory neuron bodies are found
dorsal median sulcus
narrow groove , posterior
Ventral median fissure
slightly wider grove, anterior
cerebrum
composed of lobes
Parietal lobe
general sensory functions
Occipital Lobe
processes and stores visual information
Frontal lobe
motor functions, concentration, decision making, planning and personality
can cause issues with mobility
Temporal Lobe
sense of hearing and smell
Insula
involved with memory and interpreting taste
composed of sulci and gyri
Sulci
small indentations in the surface
Gyri
raised bumps of the surface
Postcentral gyrus
posterior, involved with body's sensory functions
Precentral gyrus
anterior, regulates body's motor function
longitudinal fissure
deep indention that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres
composed of white and gray matter
white Matter
pre/post central gyrus
Gray matter
basal nuclei
prevents unwanted movement, regulates movement
process of movement
cerebellum
assists the precentral gyrus with skeletal muscle movements.
helps correct. movement
collects motor information about what should be happening
compares to sensory information to what is happening
precentral gyrus
uses its neurons to contraction of the body’s skeletal muscles
postcentral gyrus
All of the GENERAL sensory information from your body is sent here
basal nuclei
help to regulate muscle movement.
prevent unwanted movements.
spinal cord
helps sends messages to where they need to go