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Genome-wide functional analysis reveals that infection-associated fungal…
Genome-wide functional analysis reveals that infection-associated fungal autophagy is necessary for rice blast disease
Introduction
To cause plant disease
Plant pathogen exspress specialize structure called appressorium to reach the plant cuticle for infection process
appressoria are dome shape sigle cell that generate turgor pressure through the accumulation of glycerol
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during germination, a single nucleus undergo mitosis
ATG8 gene has suggested that type 2 autophagic cell death is necessary for appressorium maturation and plant infection
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TOR kinase regulate autophagy process, leading to formation of phagophore which surround and engulf cellular component and develop autophagosome the fuse with vacuole.
the lysosome of fungal cell degrade by hydrolase and also degrade peroxisome(pexophagy), mitophagy and reticulophagy during Ctv pathway which is used to transport inactive precursor of vacuolar hydrolase aminopeptidase 1 to the vacuole.
selective autophagy Atg 11 genes encode peripheral membrane protein(adaptor) load in pexophagy n deliver aminopeptidase 1 to the vacuole.
genome-wide approach used to analyse the autophagic machinery.
first:
develop rapid method n characterised 22 fungal genes involves in autophagy.
autophagy:
nonselective
take places in both conidia n appressorium leads to death of conidia n development of fuctional appressorium
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Discussion
Autophagy: cell survival response that is triggered normally by starvation stress and used to recycle cytoplasm, organelles, and, proteins within cells
few reports of fungi in autophagy. it is suggests that autophagy may be fundamental to the fungal lifestyle
M. oryzae demonstrated a role for MoATG8
in autophagic cell death of conidia during appressorium development
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The large burst of autophagic activity continues in the conidium until it collapses and undergoes cell death
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Autophagosomes and are highly enriched in appressoria and a large central autophagic vacuole acts as the lytic compartment in maturing appressoria
autophagy is therefore necessary for programmed cell death in the conidium and for differentiation and active growth in the appressorium
Autophagy is up-regulated when the nutrient supply is insufficient to meet cellular energy demands and when and when cells are exposed to different forms of stress
M. oryzae can spatially regulate autophagy in such a way that it is necessary both for conidial cell death and also for maturation and differentiation of functional appressoria.
validated the importance of nonselective autophagy in the establishment of plant disease by M. oryzae. Controlling the initiation of fungal autophagy may provide an effective target for development of new and novel antifungal strategies, given the fact that the plant infection process is so sensitive to perturbation of this process.
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