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Atherosclerosis (Pathophysiology :star: (Endothelial cell dysfunction,…
Atherosclerosis
Pathophysiology :star:
- Endothelial cell dysfunction
- High levels of LDL in the blood
- Inflame/activate endothelial cells
- Macrophages take up oxidised LDLs
- Foam Cells - SMCs tunica media --> tunica intima
- Fatty streak formation in intimal layer
- Activated macrophages - release products
- Smooth muscle proliferation --> fibrous cap
- Plaque occludes lumen or RUPTURES
- Platelets adhere & clotting process begins
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Risk factors
Modifiable
Smoker
- Releases free radicals, nicotine,CO into body/blood
- Damaging endothelial cells
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Diabetes
- High blood glucose levels
- Increased oxidation of LDLs
HTN
- Increased pressure --> damage to endothelial wall
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Prevention
Primary
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eat healthily
less salt, sat fats, sugar
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