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History Assessment Revision (What is Ethics (Absolutism (The belief that…
History Assessment Revision
What is Ethics
Absolutism
The belief that something is ALWAYS morally right or wrong no matter the circumstances.
Relativism
The belief that something in circumstances SOMETIMES can be right or wrong.
Ethics is the study of morality of right and wrong. Which can split into two categories, absolutism and relativism.
Abortion
What is abortion?
Abortion is when a women decides to end her pregnancy before the baby is due.
In the UK, abortion is legal if the baby is under the 24 weeks period. However many people wish to shorten or lengthen the legal period to have an abortion.
Religious Views:
Many Catholics are strongly against abortion(absolutism.) They believe in the sanctity of life which means "All life is sacred- as god gives life he is the only one that can take it away."
Abortion is seen as murder. "Thou shall not kill".
However, many people would claim that the fetus isn't alive. This refers back to the question of "When does life begin?" Some believe when gametes are produced, they are separate and alive beings. Or when fertilisation takes place. Or when the embryo forms. Or perhaps when the baby is capable of using its brain, the baby's first heartbeat or when it's born. This makes a big impact on the views and one's morality on abortion as whether they depend the baby is alive will /not justify abortion.
Some Christians are against abortion but they believe in extreme circumstances such as rape or it threatens the health of the mother or child, it is okay to have an abortion. They believe the quality of life is more important than the sanctity of life.
The golden rule of Christianity is "love your neighbour the way you love yourself."
War
Just war
Fighting for Human rights
Retaliation/Defense
Religion (stopping the country using or treating religious people etc)
Just war theory
A last resort
A just cause: Must correct immediately an on-going evil known as Jessica Watson
Valid authority
Probable success
Proportionality
Exit stratergy
Pacifism
Pacifism is the act or belief that war and violence is unacceptable and that all disputes should be settled in peaceful ways.
Religious views
Gandhi
Believes in pacifism and portrayed pacifism to his people.
He fasted to make people stop fighting and succeeded.
Bonhoeffer
Wanted to stop the WW2 peacefully
But decided to attempt to poison Hitler as "It's better to do evil than to be evil by doing nothing."
"Thou shall not kill"
Animal Rights
Some people believe animals should have the same rights because they have similarities such as:
They can both feel pain (sentience) and suffer from disease. They both belong to small societies and form relationships with others. They care about their Young.
Most people disregard animals as inferior but don't treat them will ill intent.
Abusive usage of animals
Lab testing like cosmetic product.
Bull fighting
Circus
War horses and War donkeys
Acceptable usage of animals
Production of food
Calm mental diseases
police work
Guide dogs
Sniffer dogs