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Rivers (Hydrological cycle (Surface runoff, Infiltration, Interception,…

- - - - rain/ice and snow melt
      - earthquake and landslide
      - coastal storm surges
    - - river engineering works
      - floodplain development
      - urbanisation
      - climate change
  - - - flood warnings and preparation
      - floodplain zoning
      - afforestation
      - wetland restoration
      - river restoration
    - - river straightening and dredging
      - dam and reservoirs
      - flood relief channels
      - artificial levees
      - wing dykes