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A 61 year-old male piano teacher with a long history of alcohol abuse was…

- - - - Intellect, reasoning, sensory perception, thought, memory, judgement
    - - the outer, wrinkled portion of the cerebrum
    - - Control the opposite sides of the body.
    - - Frontal
        
        Controls important cognitive skills in humans
      - Partial
        
        Interpert sensory information
      - Temporal
        
        Primary auditory perception
      - Occipital
        
        Visual processing
      - All connected by the Corpus Callosum
        
        C-shaped nerve fiber bundle found beneath the cerebral cortex
    - - Converts new information to long term memory
    - - Controls intense emotion
  - - - Vision and hearing
    - - Relays messages between the cortex and cerebellum
        
        Key role in REM sleep/dreaming
    - - Vital reflex center
        
        Cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor (vessel dilation/constriction aka blood pressure)
  - - - Fine tunes muscle movement
        
        Maintains equilibrium and posture
  - - - Branched from the common carotid (off aorta)
    - - Branch from the subclavian artery, pass through transverse foramen of cervical vertebra through foramen magnum
    - - Allows perfusion to the brain even if one area is blocked
    - - Series of sinuses eventually connect to the jugular vein
- - - - When neurons over react to neurotransmitters for too long.
        
        Too much exposure to a neurotransmitter can cause neurons to eventually "burn out.
    - - Reactions of the neurons make up the pathways between different parts of the brain.
    - - Heavy Alcohol use
      - Volume of both gray and white matter over time
  - - - Deficiency in the B vitamin thiamine
- - - - Most Common
      - Moves skeletal and smooth muscle/joints/NMJ*
      - Association (CNS)
    - - Sensory (Special)
        
        Smell, sight, taste, and hearing
    - - Sensory
  - - - Schwann Cells
        
        Myelinator of axons
      - Satellite Cells
        
        Nutrient support and protection
    - - Oligodendrocyte
        
        Surrounds axon segments with myelin
      - Ependymal
        
        Make CSF by filtering blood
        
        Cilia
      - Microglia
        
        Eats pathogens
      - Astrocyte
        
        Connection between the blood and the nervous tissue
  - - - Command pathway with its cell body in the cerebral cortex
    - - Command pathway that is directly connected to the effector that needs to move