Problems that occur by altered hormonal function

diagnostic criteria

damage to feedback mechanisms

damage to the hypothalamic pituitary axis/ damage to feedback mechanisms

SIADH

Diabetes insipidus

over production of ADH

Insufficient ADH

hyponatremia : serum sodium level less than 135mEq/L decreased urine output,
hypotonicity : less than 280mOsm/kg

low and concentered urine, low sodium level,anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, muscle cramp, weakness

physical examination, ADH level measure, urine specific gravity, urine osmolarity,

polyuria, excessive thirst, severe dehydration

Clinical manifestation

diagnostic criteria

Clinical manifestation

diagnostic criteria

hyperthyroidism

hypothyroidism

excessive thyroid hormone

deficient thyroid hormone

measurement of serum TSH level, increase uptake of radioactive iodine by thyroid gland

physical examination, laboratory studies, antithyroglobulin test

reduce thyroid hormone level by gland destruction via radioactive iodine or medication,
surgical removal of part of gland

enlargement of thyroid gland, fast metabolic rate, weight loss, agitation, restlessness, sweating, heat intolerance, palpitation,irregular menstrual cycle, goiter

lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy : levothyroxine

fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, coarse hair, constipation, impaired memory, myxedema

negative feedback loop impairment

cushing syndrom

addision dieases

ACTH deficiency

laboratory analysis

hyper pigmentation, darkening of skin and mucous membrane

IV fluid replacement

treatment

24 hour urine collection, imagine study

surgery or radiation

excess secretion of glucocorticoids, glucose intolerance, behavioral change, impaired stress response, obesity of trunk,face,upper back, muscle weakness, hypertension, osteoporosis

damage to endocrine gland