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Problems that occur by altered hormonal function (damage to feedback…
Problems that occur by altered hormonal function
damage to feedback mechanisms
SIADH
hyponatremia : serum sodium level less than 135mEq/L decreased urine output,
hypotonicity : less than 280mOsm/kg
low and concentered urine, low sodium level,anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, irritability, muscle cramp, weakness
Diabetes insipidus
physical examination, ADH level measure, urine specific gravity, urine osmolarity,
polyuria, excessive thirst, severe dehydration
addision dieases
laboratory analysis
hyper pigmentation, darkening of skin and mucous membrane
IV fluid replacement
damage to the hypothalamic pituitary axis/
damage to feedback mechanisms
hyperthyroidism
measurement of serum TSH level, increase uptake of radioactive iodine by thyroid gland
reduce thyroid hormone level by gland destruction via radioactive iodine or medication,
surgical removal of part of gland
enlargement of thyroid gland, fast metabolic rate, weight loss, agitation, restlessness, sweating, heat intolerance, palpitation,irregular menstrual cycle, goiter
hypothyroidism
physical examination, laboratory studies, antithyroglobulin test
lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy : levothyroxine
fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, coarse hair, constipation, impaired memory, myxedema
cushing syndrom
24 hour urine collection, imagine study
surgery or radiation
excess secretion of glucocorticoids, glucose intolerance, behavioral change, impaired stress response, obesity of trunk,face,upper back, muscle weakness, hypertension, osteoporosis
excessive thyroid hormone
negative feedback loop impairment
over production of ADH
Insufficient ADH
Clinical manifestation
diagnostic criteria
Clinical manifestation
diagnostic criteria
deficient thyroid hormone
ACTH deficiency
treatment
damage to endocrine gland