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Isomers (Stereoisomers (Chiral isomers: mirror images are not…
Isomers
Stereoisomers
Geometrical (Cis & Trans): Restricted rotation of C-C bond
From
Alkenes: the 2 carbon atoms of C=C bond must attach to different groups
Cycloalkanes: Any 2 carbon atoms in the ring must attach to different groups
Trans isomer is more stable than cis isomer
due to absence of kinks that causes less steric interaction
Chiral isomers: mirror images are not superimposable.
2 types
Diastereomers:Stereoisomers which are NOT mirror images
Enantiomers: rotate polarised light with the same magnitude but in OPPOSITE direction
Represented in 2 ways
3-D tetrahedral system
Step 1: Identify the chiral center (usually C) with 4 different groups attached
Step 2: Assign priorities, Highest priority is numbered 1, lowest is numbered 4
Compare the atomic weight of the atom directly bonded to the chiral centre. The higher the atomic weight, the higher the priority
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Step 3: Rotate the structure when necessary to hide the lowest. priority group (numbered 4) behind the plane ( ).
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Step 3: Rotate the lowest priority group to either top or bottom of the projection
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Fischer projection:represent the 3-D tetrahedral system using a 2-D representation.
(involve)Chiral compound: Compound with carbon atom that has 4 different groups attached to it.
(is) Optically active: rotate plane polarised light
Possible number of stereoisomers = 2^n
n = no. of chiral centers.
Meso: Stereoisomer that is superimposable on its mirror images
4 properties
2 chiral centres
SAME groups on both centres
Plane of symmetry
Mirror images are superimposable
Conformational
Alkanes
Eclipsed
Staggered
Cycloalkanes
Chair-like conformers
Constitutional
Structural