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SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (Close Relationships…
SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Personality Theories and Adult Development
The Life-Events Approach
Contemporary life-events approach - Approach emphasizing that how a life event influences the individual's development depends not only on the life event but also on mediating factors, the individual's development depends not only on the life event but also on mediating factors, the individual's adaptation to the life event, the life stage context and the sociohistorical context.
Stress and Personal Control in Midlife
Stress, Personal Control and Age
A person's sense of control is frequently challenged by many demands and responsibilities, as well as physical and cognitive aging
Stress and Gender
Fight or Fight ( Engage in a fight or fight pattern, as reflected in being aggressive, withdrawing from social contact or drinking alcohol
Tend and Befriend ( Engage in a tend and befriend pattern, seeking social alliances with others )
Stages of Adulthood
Erikson ( generativity vs stagnation )
Levinson ( young vs old ), ( destructive vs being constructive ), ( masculine vs being feminine ), (being attached to others vs being separated from them )
Contexts of Midlife Development
Gender Contexts
Midlife is diversifled, heterogeneous period for women, just as it is for men
Cultural Contexts
Do not have clearly labeled midlife transition for some cultures
Historical context
Social Clock - The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children , or establishing themselves in a career.
Stability and Change
Longitudinal Studies
Berkeley Longitudinal (Stable Characteristics - intellectual orientation, self confidence, and openness to new experiences.Characteristic changed the most - nurturance, hostility and self control)
Helson's Mills College - women experienced midlife consciousness
Costa and McCrae's Baltimore- The Big Personality factors ( Linked to important aspect of a person's life
George Vaillant's - Links between a number of characteristics at age 50 and health and well being at 75 to 80 years of age
Conclusions
With time and age,personality becomes more stable and occurs in a positive direction (reflecting social maturity)
Close Relationships
Sibling Relationships and Friendships
Adult siblings often provide practical and emotional support to each other.Friendships are as important in middle adulthood as they were in early adulthood.
Grandparenting
-Grandparent role may have different functions in different families in different ethnic
-Grandparents who are full time caregivers for grandchildren are at elevated risk for health problems, depression and stress
The Empty Nest and Its Refilling
Empty Nest Syndrome - A decrease in marital satisfaction that occurs after children leave home, because parents derive considerable satisfaction from their children
Intergenerational Relationships
Family members usually maintain contact across generations
Love and Marriage at Midlife
Affectionate love increases in midlife - divorce can be fewer and less intense