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PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (Physical…
PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
The Nature of Middle Adulthood
Changing Midlife
Expert in work-related task, many physical aspect decline and increased rates of health problems
Defining Middle Adulthood
The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.
( Full of changes, twists, and turns(the path is not fixed) )
Physical Development
Health, Disease, Stress, and Control
Stress and Disease
-Failures in close relationship, Prolonged loneliness, Burdensome caregiving for a family member with a progressive illness, Chronic and acute stress
Control
delaying the onset of diseases
Mortality Rates
Death is more likely to result from combined effects of several chronic conditions
Physical Changes
Strength, Joints and Bones
Loss strength in the back and legs
Vision and Hearing
Men lose their sensitivity to high-pitched
sounds sooner than women do
Height and Weight
lose height and gain weight
Cardiovascular System
-manage blood pressure, control cholesterol, reduce blood sugar, get active, eat better, lose weight and quit smoking.
Visible Signs
Physical appearance-skin wrinkles, hair thinner and grayer,
fingernails and toenails develop ridges and become thicker and more brittle.
Lungs
Exercise better lung functioning and a lower risk lung cancer
Sleep
sleep become more problematic-being less rested in the morning
Sexuality
Menopause
Cessation of a woman's menstrual periods, usually during late forties or early fifties
Hormonal Changes in Middle-Aged Men
Men do not lose their fertility in middle age but sperm count usually declines slowly.
Sexual Attitudes and Behavior
Middle aged man want sex more and sexual behavior, they had similar frequency of engagement.
Cognitive Development
Information Processing
Memory
Memory decline is more likely to occur when individuals don't use effective memory strategies (organization and imagery )
Expertise
It takes so long to attain, expertise often shows up more in middle adulthood than in early adulthood.
Speed of Information Processing
Declining in early adulthood
Practical Problem Solving
Fluid intelligence predicted performance on everyday problem solving in young adults but with increasing age, crystallized intelligence became a better predictor
Intelligence
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence - The ability to reason abstractly, which begins to decline from middle adulthood onward
Crystallized intelligence-Accumulated information and verbal skills, which increase in middle adulthood
The Seattle Longitudinal Study
Religion, Spirituality, and Meaning in Life
Religion, Spirituality and Health
Various dimension of religion and coping can help some individuals cope more effectively with challenges in their lives
Meaning in Life
Need for values
Need for a sense of efficacy
Need for purpose
Need for self-worth
Religion, Spirituality and Adult Lives
Powerful influences for some adults but hold little or no significance for others
Careers, Work and Leisure
Career Challenges and Changes
Some midlife career changes are self motivated:others are the consequences of losing one's job
Leisure
Midlife changes may produce expanded opportunities for leisure
Work in Midlife
The role of work, whether one works in a full-time career, in a part time job as a volunteer, or as a homemaker, is central during middle adulthood