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Algae and the origin of Eukaryotic Cell (Organelles (A few species have…
Algae and the origin of Eukaryotic Cell
Algae
That are the living descendants of clades that originated from those early steps in eukaryotic evolution.
Eukaryotic Cell
An organism which contain nucleus.
Prokaryotic Cell
An organism which has a lack of nucleus.
DNA Structure
In Eukaryotic
Nucleus Present
It is more elaborately packaged, being complexed with nucleosome histones and forming chromosome.
Large segments of DNA do not code for ny type of RNA.
It is located within a nucleus which is separated from the cytoplasm by two nuclear.
In Prokaryotic
No nucleus present
It is naked, not complexed with proteins.
It contains few introns,and mRNA processing is relatively simple.
It lies directly in the cytoplasm.
Organelles
A few species have gas vacuoles, and photosynthetic species have folded membranes that project into the cell.
Prokaryotes are lack of membrane-bounded organelles whereas, all eukaryotes have nuclei and mitochondria.
Plants and algae also have plastids
Flagella and cilia are remarkably uniform in eukaryotes.
Origin Of Mitochondria
All known extant eukaryotes have mitochondria- no living eukaryote is primitively amitochondrial.
DNA sequence data indicate that mitochondria are most closely related to bacteria known as proteobacteria.
Origin Of Plastids
It could arise similarly if the engulfed partner were photosynthetic.
Types of Cytokinesis
Several types of cytokinesis occur in algae.
It is the division of cell.
In some green algae, cytokinesis occurs by a phycoplast.
A phycoplast may be associated with division either furrowing or by cell plate formation.
Characteristics of Various Groups of Algae
The descriptions of algae will begin with green algae.
Green Algae
The green algae constitute an extremely important group.
It have remarkable development and metabolic plasticity.
The diversity in green algae is tremendous.
Body Construction in Green Algae
Motile Colonies
Nonmotile colonies
Filamentous body
Membranous body
Parenchymatous body
Coenocytic body
Red Algae
They are in the clade that encompasses not only the ancestors of embryophytes.
It is red color due to present of phycoerythrin.
These algae that grow in bright surface waters.
Walls of red algae contain a thick layer of slimy mucilage called sulfated galactans.
They are usually multicellular and life cycles of most red algae are poorly known.
It is a constitute a large group.
Brown Algae
They are almost exclusively marine.
They prefer cold water that is very agitated and aerated.
They can easily found on rocky coasts.
The storage product of this algae is laminarin.
Yellow-Green Algae
It occur mostly in freshwater.
Golden Brown Algae
They are single cells covered with numerous tiny siliceous that develop within special vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum.
