Used when the client does not possess the resources or capability to cope with demands.
• They become very dependent upon others and unable to function.

Intensive support helps clients in crisis get back on their feet

Steps are taken on behalf of the client in need of assistance.

Once the immediate crisis has passed, this intervention provides gradual encouragement of independence.

This intervention guides and monitors rather than acting on their behalf .

Actions of the helping person are directive.
• Specific sources for assistance are named

Client working toward greater independence, need for individual attention decreases.

Working in small groups with people who experienced a similar issue may be beneficial to the client

A coaching intervention provides a safety net for clients making a major transition towards independence

• It serves as a route to the development or refinement of specific skills (i.e. life skills)
  Example: Joining a 'Job Club" to gain basic job search skills.
  

Clients acquire the specific skills and attitudes needed to adapt to a new situation or environment

Client' level of confidence and self-responsibility increase, they feel empowered and in control.

Once acquisition of adaptive skills and attitudes complete, many sources of assistance stop.

Occasional assistance when uncertainties arise.

Provides opportunities for feedback and strategies for problem solving.

Client can adopt or reject suggestions, they are in control.

Client more capable of determining their needs and utilizing resources independently

Self-helps centers like Career libraries with useful information help clients with decision making

Intended to facilitate a creative solution to adaptation

Clients assume responsibility for their own actions.
-->They function independently and are self-directed.

Interventions are non-directive

Clients are provided with an environment that encourages exploration and creative problem solving and they are supported in their quest to find innovative ways of expression or adapting.

Clients function relatively independently and are in a position to acquire specific skills and attitudes to foster adaptive behaviour.
• Develop specific skills to cope with situation