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Skinny. 22 year old is losing muscle and experiencing fatigue and cramping…
Skinny. 22 year old is losing muscle and experiencing fatigue and cramping throughout his body.
no replacement of lost electrolytes, lack of protein in diet, burning more calories than being consumed during high intensity workouts
Intense workouts, only drinks water, vegan diet (fruit juices), no soy or tofu, skips meals on weight training day.
muscle types
voluntary
skeletal muscle
organs attached to bones and skin
contact rapidly
tire easily
powerful
cells
muscle fibers
single, very long, and cylindrical
multinucleate
obvious striations
electrically isolated
involuntary
cardiac muscle
found only in the heart
makes up majority of heart walls
cells
branching chains
uni- or binucleate
striations
smooth muscle
found in walls of hollow organs
ex: stomach, urinary bladder, airways
cells
spindle shaped
uninucleate
nostriations
electrically connected
Excitation/Contraction Coupling
Action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the T tubules
Calcium ions are released
transmission of AP causes tubule proteins to change shape
shape change opens calcium ion release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions flow into cytosol
muscle fatigue
physiological inability to contract despite continued stimulation
possible causes
decreased glycogen
ionic imbalances
increased inorganic phosphate from CP and ATP breakdown
interference with release of inorganic phosphate
interference of calcium release from SR
Muscle Fuel
Direct Phosphprylation
no oxygen use
15 seconds of energy provided
energy source
creatine phosphate
product
1 ATP per CP
creatine
Anaerobic Pathway
gycolysis
first step of glucose breakdown
lactic acid formation
used as fuel by liver, kidneys and heart
derived from pyruvic acid
no oxygen use
30-40 seconds (or more) of energy provided
energy source
glucose
product
2 ATP per glucose
lactic acid
high intensity activity
bulging mucles compress blood vessels
oxygen delivery is impaired
Aerobic Respiration
oxygen required
hours of energy provided
energy source
glucose
pyruvic acid
free fatty acids
amino acids
product
32 ATP pr glucose
carbon dioxide
water
Rest and Light to Moderate Exercise
slowly produces 95%of ATP
fatty acids are main fuel after 30 minutes of exercise
downstream effects
no protein in diet + lack of proper amino acids, which means protein is taken fromskeletal muscles.
continued lack of protein can lead to muscles wasting away
only drinking water instead of replacing electrolytes can lead to weakness and twitching.
continued lack of electrolytes can eventually lead to seizures and heart issues
skipping meals during workouts can mean overworking muscles without the necessary fuel
systems affected
muscular
cardiovascular system
nervous system