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23 year old male with infected tattoo (downstream (difficulty breathing…
23 year old male with infected tattoo
downstream
difficulty breathing
pneumonia
respiratory failure death
lung failure
Muscle Spasms
become deadly
no cure
BackGround
Anatomy
Soil bacterium
clostridium tetani
toxin
tetanospasmin
Systems involved
integumentary system
Epithelial tissue
dermis
epidermis
muscular system
cardiac muscle
striated
involuntary
smooth muscle
involuntary
non-striated
skeletal muscle
voluntary
striated
skeletal system
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
nervous system
spinal cord
nerves
neurotrasmitter
neurons
motor neuron
motor end plates
axons
neuromuscular junction
synaptic cleft
synaptic vesicles
ACh
axon terminal
Physiology
neurotransmitter
muscle contraction
membrane potential less negative
increase sodium
caused by ACh
action potential moves along sarcolemma
excitation contraction coupling
action potential conducted by T tubules
T Tubules contact SR
2 more items...
twitch
The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus.
fast period of contraction
slow period of relaxation
maximal tension
Systems involved
Integumentary system
outter layer of body
Provides protection
Skeletal system
Provides protection to vital organs
bones provides support for skeletal muscles
Muscular system
helps maintain posture
skeletal muscle
provides voluntary movements by contractions
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
Nervous system
nerve signals
neurotransmitters
ACh
Exocytosis process
vesicle migrates to plasmamembrane
Proteins at surface bind With t-SNAREs
vesicle fuse with plasma membrane
vesicle contents are released
exits to cells exterior
A pore opens up
Neuromuscular junction
Calcium causes ACh to release
release by exosytosis
ACh stimulates ion channels
allows salt to flow in
Potassium to flow out
action potential arrives at axon terminal
voltage gated calcium channels oepn
calcium enters axon terminal
ACh is broken down by acetylcholinesterase
ACh crosses synaptic cleft
ACh attaches to receptors
summation
partial relaxation
increase stimuli before relaxation
produce temporal wave summation
unfused tetany
high stimulation frequency
Clostridium tetani
toxin
bacterial infection
tetanospasmin
affects motor neuron
cause tetanus (lockjaw)
severe muscle spasms
fused tetany
no relaxation
higher stimuli
complete
upstream
indirect upstream
infected needle wound
did not have tetanus shot
direct upstream
spams
rapid heart rate
stiffness
difficulty swallowing