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Algae and origin of eukaryotic cells (red algae (red color is due to…
Algae and origin of eukaryotic cells
origin of eukaryotic cells
organelles
all eukaryotes have nuclei and mitochondria, plant ans algae have plastids.
eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
have membrane bound nucleus.
origin of mitochondria and plastids
all eukaryotes have mitochondria.
contain DNA that is different from that of the cell nucleus and that they have their own protein biosynthesis machinery.
also known as the Endosymbiont theory.
Nuclear structure and division
meiotic nuclear division occurs as a part of sexual reproduction.
DNA of eukaryotes is located within a nucleus.
DNA structure
Each DNA molecule is long, capable of carrying thousands of genes.
Eukaryote contain Introns, large segments of DNA don't code for any RNA
DNA is elaborately packaged.
Green algae
life cycle in green algae
Volvox, for example is a colonial green algae
Haploid life cycle occurs in green algae
representative genera of green algae
motile colonial species.
filamentous species
unicellular species.
laminar species
coenocytic species
body construction in green algae
cell walls of green algae usually contain cellulose
green algae are unicellular.
have mitochondria with flat cristae.
anchored by a cross-shaped system of microtubules and fibrous strands.
green algae and embryophytes
Embryophytes are complex multicellular eukaryotes.
Embryophytes are with specialized reproductive organs.
green algae are primarily aquatic
Euglenoids
photosynthetic euglenoids have chlorophyll a and b.
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euglenoids swim actively with two flagella, 1 short,1 long.
most euglenoids are unicellular.
examples: euglena
have cell wall made of pellicle.
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brown algae and their relatives
Diatoms
most abundant organisms in ocean.
single liter of diatoms contain more than 1 millions of individuals
have distinctive morphology
Yellow-Green algae
chlorophyll c is found on them.
unicellular, some filamentous, some forming giant multinucleate cells.
occurs mostly in fresh water.
Brown algae
prefer cold water that is very agitated and aerated.
found on rocky coast growing in littoral zone.
exclusively marine,only few are fresh water species.
contains cholophyll a
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Golden-Brown Algae
Oval or elliptical shape, single cell alga.
two saddle-shaped chloroplasts.
Microscopic and floating
Dinoflagellates
oomycetes
diverse in structure and nutrition.
lacks chloroplast and must be parasitic or saprophytic.
during sexual reproduction vegetative cells release small,naked cell that acts as games.
their nuclear envelope and nucleolus persist throughout mitosis.
almost exclusively motile and unicellular.
have a normal polysaccharide cell wall
characterstics of various types of algae
cell walls of green algae contain cellulose
used to make products such as agar, carrageenans and other additives
green algae have chloroplast that contain chlorophyll a and b
found in marine or brackish water environments
red algae
red color is due to presence of phycoerythrin.
wall of red algae contain thick layer of slimy mucilage.
life cycle is poorly known but those known are complex.
red algae are multicellular.
they have distinctive pit connections.
contains cholophyll a.
