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vascular plants without seeds (Euphyllophytes (ferns (fern consists of…
vascular plants without seeds
Euphyllophytes
trimerophytes
varied in size from a few centimeters to nearly a meter tall.
among the largest plants of the Early Devonian.
plants that bear true leaves or their precursors.
trimerophytes were homosporous..
monilophytes
many functional megaspores
whisk ferns, ophioglossoid ferns, horsetails,
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reproduction by spores
Megaphyll line of evolution
origin of Megaphylls (Euphylls)
leaves of generally larger size, with complex venation and associated with leaf gaps in the stele.
summarized from the toelom theory.
megaphylls evolved from branched portions of a telome
Equisetophytes
herbs without secondary growth.
horsetail or scouring rushes.
has been classified as a division of Arthophyta.
reproductive structure forms the sporangiopore.
ferns
fern consists of sori where meiosis occurs.
ferns that we are familiar with are leptosporangiate ferns.
early fern first appeared in devonian period and diversified greatly.
a single surface cells divides periclinally.
Lycophytes
Morphology
sporangium is located on the adaxial side of the leaf.
similar to the higher vascular plants—the gymnosperms and angiosperms
simple, with the sporophyte body composed of root, stem, microphyll, and sporangium
Extant Genera
secondary growth never occurs.
spores germinate and grow into bisexual gametophyte, which later produces anthriedia and archegonia.
microphylls are spirally arranged in their stems.
heterospory
is a necessary precondition for the evolution of seeds.
produces two kinds of spore, each giving rise to a single-sex gametophyte.
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represents an ancient line of evolution distinct from seed plants.
microphyll line of evolution
early vascular plants
Rhyniophytes
has upright stems that were simple,short cylinders with no leaves.
these were the most complex and larger than the mosses today.
had equal dichotomous branching.
Zosterophyllophytes
their sporangia were lateral.
branched dichotomously
small plants without secondary growth
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contained a small amount of xylem that consist tracheids.
vascular cryptograms
Pteridophytes are called as vascular cryptogams.
it also includes non photosynthetic fungi and bacteria too.
it refers to those vascular plants that do not make seeds.
groups of cryptogams are algae, lichens, fern.
