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22 year-old male complaining of severe cramping in his calves, thighs,…

- - - - inadequate daily caloric intake
      - Low protein on a vegan diet
        
        Muscles need protein to sustain and grow
    - - high in vitamins, but also high in sugar
      - Low in protein
- - - - malnutrition
        
        emaciation
  - - - tangling of fibers
        
        incomplete relaxation of fibers
  - - - weakness
- - - - Nerve, artery and vein
    - - supports cell and reinforces whole muscle
      - Epimysium
        
        Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
      - Perimysium
        
        Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
        
        Fascicle - group of muscle fibers
      - Endomysium
        
        loose areolar connective tissue surrounding anf insulating each muscle fiber
      - Deep fascia - dense irregular connective tissue external to the epimysium and separates individual muscles.
    - - insertion - attachment to movable bone
      - Origin - attachment to immovable or less movable bone
      - Direct - flashy epimysium fused to periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
      - Indirect - connective tissue wrapping extend beyond muscle as a rope like tendon or a sheet like aponuerosis
    - - sarcolemma -
        
        muscle fiber plasma membrane
        
        smallest contractile unit
      - sarcoplasm
        
        muscle fiber cytoplasm
        
        smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules surrounding each myofibril
        
        stores and releases Ca2+
      - myofibrils
        
        densely packed rodlike elements
        
        features: striations, sarcomeres, myofilaments, molecular filaments of myofilaments
      - myofilaments
        
        orderly arrangements of actin and myosin myofilaments within a sarcomere
        
        actin myofilaments
        
        thin filaments
        
        myosin myofilaments
        
        thick filaments
      - T tubules
        
        transverse tube formed by protrusion of sarcolemma deep into cell interior
  - - - Calcium ions are released
        
        Low Ca2+ concentration
        
        tropomyosin blocks active sites of actin
        
        myosin heads cannot attach to actin
        
        muscle fiber remains relaxed
        
        Steps
        
        Cross bridge formation
        
        myosin head attaches to actin thin filiment active site
        
        working Power stroke
        
        myosin head pivots and pulls filament towards M line
        
        cross bridge detachment
        
        ATP attaches to myosin head
        
        bridge detaches
        
        cocking of myosin head
        
        energy from hydrolosis from ATP cocks the myosin head into high energy state
        
        energy used for power stroke in next cross bridge
  - - - move and detach cross bridge
      - pump calcium back in SR
      - pump sodium out and potassium back in after EC coupling
    - - 30 minutes of activity