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Eyes RX (Upper Eye exam (conjunctiva (Coloration (yellow=jaundice, pale…
Eyes RX
Upper Eye exam
sclera
eyelid
conjunctiva
Coloration
yellow=jaundice
pale pink=anemia
iris
pupil
Things to evaluate
excessive blinking and tearing
squinting
Anisicoria
a neurological issue
discharge
eye color change
blue eye
hepatitis
Pressure reducing drugs
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Diuretic for emergencies to reduce IOP
prior to sx
give IV SLOWLY
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
reduce production of aqueous humor
Routes
PO
IV
Topically
Examples
Methazolamide (Neptazane)
Dichlorphenamide (Daranide)
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Topical Prostaglandins
increase the outflow of the aqueous humor
Latanoprost (Xalantan)
used more often than timolol
given SID or BID
Topical Betablockers
reduce production of aqueous humor
timolol maleate (Timoptic)
may cause blurred vision
given QID
Affect the heart and bronchi
heart rate slows
bronchoconstriction
Lower eye exam
Pupil
iris
conjunctiva
Dry eye repair
Lubricants
artificial tears
Lacrimogenics
increase tear production
Pilocarpine (Piloptic)
cholinergic
routes
PO
SE
v/d
Immunomodulators
stop local inflammation and improve tear production
cyclosporin (Optimmune)
can take time to see affects
NSAID
Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium
Acular
Common Eye diseases
Glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
IOP
occludes outflow of aqueous humor
aqueous humor drains through the trabecular meshwork
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
KCS
dry eye
common eye condition
definition
inflammation of the cornea and surrounding tissues from drying
cause
inadequate production of the aqueous tear film by the lacrimal and or third eyelid gland
Pupil Drugs
Mydriatics
dilate the pupil for an inner eye exam
relieve inflammation from the uveitis or keratitis
uveitis
inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid
Keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
increases IOP
Break up/prevent adhesions between iris and lens
Prepare for ocular surgery
examples
Atropine
most common
cycloplegic that stops the muscle of the ciliary body from painful spasming
decrease pain of corneal ulcers
Phenylephrine (Mydfrin)
Used to dilate the eye for exams
used before ocular surgery
used to diagnose horner's syndrome
Ketamine
Dilate the pupil
Miotics
constrict the pupil
used to treat glaucoma by increasing the aqueous humor outflow
Pilocarpine (Piloptic)
a cholinergic agent, May stimulate tear production
Organophosphates
often found in insecticides
Constrict the pupil
Ophthalmic Agents
Topical anesthetics (-caines)
Numbing agents
Proparacaine
Tetracaine
Fluorescein stains
If an ulcer or abrasion is found
Do not give anything with steroids
inhibits the immune system
Triple antibiotic ointments
Trioptic-P usually includes neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B
broad spectrum
fights against
gram +
gram -
Bacitracin
Chloramphenicol
Gentamicin
Polymyxin B
Oxytetracycline
Neomycin
Common steroids or Corticosteroids
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone
Dexamethasone
Betamethasone
Flumethasone
Many combinations
Gentocin Durafilm
Gentamycin
Betamethasone
Neo-predef
Neomycin
isoflupredone
Nictitating membrane
Third eyelid