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chapter 14 (14.1 (Reform and Church Organization:Pope Leo IX and Pope…
chapter 14
14.1
Reform and Church Organization:Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforced
Church laws against simony and the marriage of priests.
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Age Of Faith: Monasteries led the spiritual revival. The monastery founded at Cluny in France
in 910 was especially important.
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14.4
Plauge Strikes:During the 1300s an epidemic struck parts of Asia, North Africa, and Europe.
Scholars Challenge Church Authority:Englishman named John Wycliffe, hje preached that Jesus Christ, not
the pope, was the true head of the Church.
Avignon and the Great Schism: France’s central government became even stronger during the
reign of Philip’s grandson, Louis IX, who ruled from 1226 to 1270.
Origins and Impact of the Plague In 1346, plague on the Black Sea
14.3
Magna Carta:Henry was succeeded first by his son Richard the Lion-
Hearted, hero of the Third Crusade.
Early Invasions:In the 800s, Britain was battered by fierce raids of Danish
Vikings.
Model Parlement:Another important step toward democratic government
came during the rule of the next English king,
Philip the second:France’s central government became even stronger during the
reign of Philip’s grandson, Louis IX, who ruled from 1226 to 1270.
14.2
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Muslim Connection:In the 1100s, Christian scholars
from Europe began visiting Muslim libraries in S