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**52 year old woman comes in for checkup because of muscle weakness and…
**52 year old woman comes in for checkup because of muscle weakness and finds it hard to play pool, which is one of her favorite hobbies and to do other daily tasks
Upstreams
cells
motor neurons are affected making the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement difficult.
family history of ALS
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father
might have died from ALS, but not confirmed
Lifestyle factors
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Age. ALS risk increases with age, and is most common between the ages of 40 and the mid-60s.
Sex. Before the age of 65, slightly more men than women develop ALS. This sex difference disappears after age 70.
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Downstreams
Muscular System
atrophy
muscle are being "wasted" since cells are being progressively damaged and aren't being sent messages to fucntion
Nervous System
brain
damages motor neurons
losing ability to speak,eat,move, and breathe
spinal cord
damages motor neurons
Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body.
Treatments
breathing
mechanical ventilation to help you breathe. Doctors insert a tube in a surgically created hole at the front of your neck leading to your windpipe (tracheostomy that connects to a respirator.
weak muscles
physical therapy will help by giving patient "low impact" exercises, and some devices to help with mobility like brace, walker or wheelchair
speech problems
speech therapy will help because therapist will give you speech exercises or ways to communicate through devices like tablet computers with text-to-speech applications or computer-based equipment
eating
to make swallowing foods easier, patient might be given a feeding tube.
daily activities
occupational therapist can help with daily activities that are now difficult because of ALS like dressing, grooming, eating and bathing.
Anatomy
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Cerebrum
Lobes
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insula
deep in the brain, hard to see in a model
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Physiology
descending tracts
motor tracts, motor neurons in the brain give directions
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Example: Corticospinal
direct motor tract, meaning movement is coming from the brain, causing voluntary motor control of the body and limbs.
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cerebrum
Cerebrum
lobes
frontal lobe
involved with motor functions , decision making, and personality
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process of movement
basal nuclei
is grey matter that helps with integration, and allowing for a movement that's smooth and fluid.
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precentral gyrus
anatomical location of the primary motor cortex, which is responsible for controlling voluntary motor movement
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