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Chapter 14. church reform and the crusades (EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES…
Chapter 14. church reform and the crusades
THE AGE OF FAITH
popes began to reform the church , they restored and expanded the its power and authority
many problems still troubled the church ; priests were illiterate , some of the popes were men of questionable morals , bishops and abbots cared more for their lord positions than being a spiritual leader
simony- the practice of selling the positions of a church
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in the 1100s and 1200s the church was reconstructed to resemble a kingdom with the pope as its head
The curia was the popes advisers , they also acted as a court . it developed canon law on matters such as marriage and divorcing
the church collected taxes in the form of tithes , it would consume one tenth the yearly income from every christian family , the church would use the money to care for the poor and sick , they would also operate hospitals across europe
Domonic founded the Dominicans , which were one of the earliest orders of friars , making dominicans scholars
Francis of Assisi , an italian founded another orders of friars which were called the franciscans and in 1212 Clare and her friend founded the franciscans order for women which was known as the "poor clares".
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In germany hildegard of Bingen , a mystic and musician founded a benedictine convent in 1147 , these women lived in poverty and worked to help the poor and sick women were not t allowed to travel from place to place
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ARCHITECTURE
church had access to more money to help fuel the building of more churches in several european countries , which developed the new style of architecture called " gothic" which makes the church thrust upward as if reaching towards heaven
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THE CRUSADES "holy war"
in 1093 , the emperor asked for help to fight against the muslim turks because they were threatening to conquer their capital constantinople
the byzantine emperor appealed to christians to stop muslim attacks , in addition the pope wanted to reunite christendom, which had split into eastern and western branches in 1054
The crusades besieged the city for over a month . on july 15 1099 , they captured the city
the crusades were extremely vulnerable to muslim counterattack in 1144 , edessa was reconquered by the turks . the second crusade was organized to recapture the city but its armies straggled home in defeat
in 1187 europeans were shocked to learn that jerusalem itself had fallen to a kurdish warrior and muslim leader Saladin
the third crusade to recapture jerusalem was led by three of europes most powerful monarchs which were ; philip II of france , german emperor frederick I , and the english king Richard the lion-hearted , Richard was left to lead the crusaders.
the fourth crusade to capture jerusalem failed . the knights did not reach the holy land . in the 1200, four more crusades to free the holy land were unsuccessful . the crusaders intended many ways to regain land but it didnt work
SPANISH CRUSADES
in spain , muslims controlled most of the country until the 1100s the Reconquista was a long effort by the spanish to drive the muslims out of spain
granada finally fell to the christian army of Ferdinand and isabella (spanish monarchs) to unify their country under christianity and to increase their power , they made use of the inquisition ,which made the monarchs expell all practicing jews and muslims from spain
EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES
the call to go to the holy land , encouraged many to leave their home and travel to faraway lands but for the ones that stayed home it meant and gave them a chance to change the way they used to manage stuff
european merchants who lived and traded in the crusader states expanded trade between europe and southwest asia . the goods imported from southwest asia included spices fruits and cloth it benefited christians and muslims.
the crusaders weakened the feudal nobility and increased the power of kings