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Formation of the Western Europe (The Hundred Years' War and the plague…
Formation of the Western Europe
Changes in Medieval Society
The Guilds
A guild was an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.
time, skilled artisans, such as wheelwrights, glassmakers, winemakers, tailors, and druggists, began craft guilds.
The wealth they accumulated helped them establish influence over the government and the economy of towns and cities
Commercial Revolution
The excitement and bustle of towns drew many people.
At first, towns came under the authority of feudal lords, who used
their authority to levy fees, taxes, and rents.
By the later Middle Ages, trade was the very lifeblood of the new towns, which sprung up at ports and crossroads, on hilltops, and along rivers.
A Growing Food Supply
farmers in Europe began using a harness that fitted
across the horse’s chest, enabling it to pull a plow.
Population grew because people were well fed and had more ability to survive longer
The Revival of Learning
Europeans acquired a huge new body of knowledge. That included science, philosophy law, mathematics, and other fields
New ideas and forms of expression began to flow out of
the universities.
Christian scholars were excited by the ideas of Greek philosopher
Urban Life Flourishes
At first, towns came under the authority of feudal lords, who used
their authority to levy fees, taxes, and rents.
Scholars estimate that between 1000 and 1150, the population of western Europe rose from around 30 million to about 42 million. Towns grew and flourished.
By the later Middle Ages, trade was the very lifeblood of the new towns, which sprung up at ports and crossroads, on hilltops, and along rivers.
England and France development
Early invasions
In the early 800s,Britain was battered by fierce raids of Danish Vikings.The invaders were so feared that a special prayer was said in churches:"God,delivered us from the fury of the Northmen."
The Norman conquest
The invader was William,duke of Normandy, who became known as William the conqueror. The vikings have conqueror Normandy located in the north region of France.King Edward had took thrown and when Edward died chaos broke out for the thrown and who will take Edwards place.
England's Evolving Government
Juries and Common law Henry ruled England from 1154 to 1189.Over the centuries,English kings tried two achieve two goals.First, they wanted to hold and add to their English land.Second,they wanted to strengthen their power over the nobles and churches.
The magna carta
The magna Carta Henry was succeeded first by his son Richard the LionHearted,hero of the Third Crusade.When Richard died,his younger brother John took the throne.John ruled 1199 to 1216.He failed as a military leader,earning the nickname John softswords.John lost Normandy and all his lands in northern France to the French under Philip Augustus.This loss forced a confrontation with his own nobles.
Church reform and the crusades
The reformers at cluny in france wanted to return to the basic principles of the christian religion
In the churches some priest could barely even read their prayers and they were illiterate
there was church laws against simony and the marriage of priest, the popes group of advisers acted as a court
around the early 1200's,people would go around town to town to spread church ideas
the new style of churches came from where the growing wealth of towns and from trade, the styles of the churches were changed throughout Europe and the gothic churches were the most well known and in sight churches that there was
The age of faith inspired many wars of conquest . Many of the crusades of that time period had many economic , social, political and religion goals ,
The Hundred Years' War and the plague
The age of faith seemed strong until the popes and the churches were in serious trouble, a document came a long with the serious trouble, it stated that kings must always obeys popes
In the 1300's time period , there was a disease going around called the black death, one third of the population of europe, asia and africa were affected by it
the plague made a huge impact on the economic and social status
Town populations began to fall, trade was declined and prices rose, jews were blamed for bringing in some of the plague
The people also had to deal with war other than they already had to deal with the disease that was going around
England and France went to war with each other in the French soil for a whole century , this marked the end of medieval Europe society
The longbow was enforced and showed off its usage in; Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt. As there was the new creation of the longbow, longbow men were people who battled with them
