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Altered Ventilation and Diffusion (Compression/ Narrowing Airways (Example…
Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
Disruption of Respiratory Neuronal Control
Ignoring messages of chemoreceptors and lung receptors
(Ex/ Oversedation, drug overdose, etc.)
Damage to respiratory center or nerve
Compression/ Narrowing Airways
Example:
Pneumonia
Inflammation in lungs, often due to infection.
Treatment: restore optimal ventilation and diffusion (antibiotics, oxygen therapy, etc.)
Example:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Describes all chronic obstructive lung problems (Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, and Asthma)
Irreversible disease
Treatment: used to slow progression (see details for individual disease)
Example:
Emphysema
Enlargement of the alveoli and destruction of alveolar walls
Leading cause is smoking
Irreversible disease
Treatment: Cease smoking, medication (SAIDS, antibiotics, etc.), supplemental oxygen, etc.
Example:
Chronic Bronchitis
Presence of a persistent, productive cough with excessive mucus (3+ months for 2+ consecutive years)
Leading cause is smoking
Treatment: Cease smoking, pulmonary rehabilitation, etc.
Example:
Ashtma
Airway obstruction due to bronchial hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and excess mucous production.
Treatment: monitor lung function, pharmacologic therapy, etc.
Example:
Cystic Fibrosis
Production of excessive and thick secretion of mucous leading to obstruction, inflammation, and infection.
Treatment: clear the mucous from the airways, prevent and control infection, etc.
Example:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema (without fluid overload or impaired cardiac function)
Treatment: remove causative factors, 100% oxygen supplementation, etc.