Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Learning Theories (Behaviorism (Key assumptions (Learners: Passive…
Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Key assumptions
-
-
-
-
Operant conditioning: Reinforcing desired behaviors with rewards (McLeod 2018)
-
Cognitivism
-
Key assumptions:
Emphasizes cognitive processes (memory, attention) involved in learning #; unlike behaviorism, asserts that mental processes can be understood and are a valid subject of research (David 2015)
Mediational cognitive processes exist between stimuli and learner's response # (McLeod, 2016)
Social learning theory: (Bandura) People learn by observing the behaviors of others (McLeod, 2016)
Vicarious reinforcement: Observing the consequences of other people's actions and deciding whether those actions are worth copying (McLeod, 2016); compare with social constructivism: Learning as a social activity #
Accepts classic conditioning and operant conditioning (McLeod, 2016) #
Constructivism
Key assumptions
-
Knowledge is organized into schemas, or discreet repertoires of behaviors that form the building blocks of a cognitive model of the world (McLeod, 2018)
Zone of Proximal Development: Learning occurs in activities that the learner can only complete with with the aid and encouragement of someone else (McLeod, 2019)
Scaffolding: Temporary support provided a learner to help them cross the ZPD and gain independent mastery of a task or skill (McLeod, 2019)
More Knowledgeable Other: A parent, teacher, peer, etc., who is more skilled or knowledgeable; can provide support and encouragement to the learner (McLeod, 2019)
-
-
Andragogy
Key assumptions: (Smith 2002, all)
The way adults learn is significantly different than how children learn (Five assumptions about adult learners)
Adults have more experience, which is a resource for future learning
-
-
Adults are more eager to learn about topics that relate to their roles in society (job, family, community,etc.)
-
-
Connectivism
Key assumptions
-
Designed to explain how the advent of the Internet and digital technologies shape how people learn and share knowledge (krist2366, 2015)
Nodes: Any object that can be connected to something else; neural, conceptual and external
-
Learning takes place across social networks as learners share information with each other; knowledge is co-created (krist2366, 2015) #
Teachers act as guides rather than as subject matter authorities
(krist2366, 2015)
-