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61 year old patient is brought in after suffering a stroke (The brain is…
61 year old patient is brought in after suffering a stroke
The brain is made of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem
The cerebellum coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
The cerebrum controls majority of our higher functions and is made up of several different lobes and divided into the left and the right hemisphere
The left hemisphere controls the right side of our body
The right hemisphere controls the left side of our body
Brain lobes
The occipital lobe is in charge of interpreting vision
The temporal lobe is in charge of hearing, memory and organization
frontal lobe controls yours personality, judgement, speech, body movement, intelligence and concentration
The parietal lobe is in charge of interpreting languages, vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory
Grey matter is the location of nerve cell bodies
White brain matter connects grey matter to other grey matter in order to carry nerve impulses between neurons
Tracts
Ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts convey information about muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum
rubrospinal tracts control flexor muscles and tectospinal tracts mediate head movements in response to visual stimuli
Lateral and Ventral Corticospinal (Direct Pathways) transmit motor impulses from cerebrum to the spinal cord motor neurons
Vestibulospinal helps maintain balance when standing and moving
Reticulospinal transmits impulses concerned with muscle tone and many visceral motor functions
Ventricle system of the brain is responsible for the production and removal of cerebrospinal fluid
Lateral ventricles are located in the cerebral hemisphere
Third ventricle is in the midline cavity of the brain and communicated with the lateral ventricles
Fourth ventricle connects the midline cavity of the brain to the brain stem
Basal Nuclei help control skeletal muscle movements
putamen
caudate nucleus
globus pallidus
The brain stem is like a relay center that connects the cerebellum and the cerebrum to the spinal cord and keeps our bodies in homeostasis
medulla oblongata is in charge of regulating our blood pressure, respiratory rhythm, and our heart rate
Pons is mainly a conductive area
The midbrain contains the corpora quadrigemina, the red nucleus, and the substantia nigra
Cerebral Cortex
motor areas are involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements
premotor cortex
primary motor cortex
sensory areas receive all sensory information from the body
somatosensory area
primary somatosensory cortex
visual areas
olfactory and auditory areas
gustatory, visceral, and vestibular areas
association areas intergrate incoming sensory information
posterior association area
anterior association area
limbic association area
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus is an important control center of the autonomic nervous system and pivotal part of the limbic system
The epithalamus includes the pineal gland, which secretes the hormone melatonin
Thalamus is the major relay station for sensory impulses ascending to the sensory cortex, inputs from the subcortical motor nuclei and the cerebellum traveling to the cerebral motor cortex, and impulses traveling to association cortices from lower center
Strokes
Strokes can occur due to a sudden interruption in the blood flow to the brain (ischemic stroke)
Strokes can also occur by bleeding into blood tissue due to a blood vessel bursting.(hemorrhagic stroke)
Alcohol can have severe effects on the brain
Blocks and even destroys neurons in the brain making it harder for the brain to relay messages
Can cause slurred speech
Can cause impaired vision and memory
Abuse of alcohol may have caused severe damage to his brain's neurons and increased his chances of having a stroke
Interrupted blood flow to the brain
The stroke has affected the left hemisphere of the brain and his frontal and parietal lobes
Husband may never recover from the effects of the stroke
Husband may be able to regain movement in his right arm and leg with physical therapy and regain his speech with speech therapy
Continuing therapy will help the husband recover faster with his motor and speech skills
Stopping therapy could cause the patient to never regain those skills and they may even deteriorate to a more worse extent.
Continuing to drink will only further delay his healing process and could render him prone to another stroke
If he were to have another stroke he could potentially die or lose movement in the left side of his body