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Formation of Western Europe (The Age of Faith (Some preists could barley…
Formation of Western Europe
The Age of Faith
Some preists could barley illiterate and read their prayers
Some of the popes were men of questionable morals
Many bishops and abbots cared more about their position as feudal lords than their duties as spiritual leaders
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Crusades
A “holy war,” a Crusade, to gain control of the Holy Land. Over
the next 300 years, a number of such Crusades were launched.
Bloodiest/biggest crusade
The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Salah ad-Din, known in the West as Saladin.
Cathedrals—Cities of God
During the medieval period most people worshiped in small churches near their homes. Larger churches called cathedrals were built in city areas. The cathedral
was viewed as the representation of the City of God.
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida is the worlds larges cathedral and it is located in brazil
The Crusading Spirit Dwindles
In 1204, the fourth crusade to capture Jerualism failed
In 1200's, four more crusades to free the holy land were also unsuccessful
There was two crusades called the Children's Crusade and the Spanish Crusade
Effects of the Crusade
The Crusades weakened the feudal nobility and increased the power of kings
The failure of later Crusades also lessened the power of the pope
Lots of knights lost their lives and fortunes
the fall of Constantinople weakened the Byzantine Empire
Europe’s great revival would have been impossible without better ways of
farming. Expanding civilization required an increased food supply.
Two of the fields were planted and the other
lay fallow (resting) for a year.Under this new three field system, farmers could
grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, not just on half of it.
Europe used a guild which is an organization of individuals the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.
By the 1000's, artisans and craftspeople were manfacturing goods by hand for local and long-distance trade goods by hand for local and long-distance trade.towns, in bigger cities, and at trade fairs.
In the 1100s, Christian scholars In the 1100s, Christian scholars Western scholars knew Greek but most did know Latin. So Jewish scholars living in Spain translated the Arabic versionsof works by Aristotle and other Greek writers into Latin.
a few remarkable poets began using a lively vernacular, or the everyday language of their homeland. Some of these writers wrote masterpieces that are still read today.
In the mid-1200s, the scholar Thomas Aquinas argued that the mostbasic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.
The scholastics used their knowledge of Aristotle to debate many issues of their time. Their teachings particularly those of Aquinas influenced many people in Western Europe. This took places in countries such as France and England
England Absorbs Waves of Invaders
Early Invasions In the 800s, Britain was battered by fierce raids of Danish Vikings. These invaders were so feared that a special prayer was said in churches: “God, deliver us from the fury of the Northmen.”
Conquest The invader was William, duke of Normandy, who
became known as William the Conqueror. Normandy is a region in the north of
France that had been conquered by the Vikings.
The Plague Strikes
During the 1300s an epidemic struck parts of Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Approximately one-third of the population of
Europe, and millions more in Asia and Africa, died
of the deadly disease known as the Black Death.
Historians are still not sure what disease the
Black Death was, or even if it was a single disease. One theory is that the disease took two different
forms. One, called bubonic plague, was spread by
fleas that lived on rats and other animals. The other,
pneumonic plague, could be spread through the air from person to person through coughs and sneezes.
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