Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Plants and Fungi (Plant Evolution (Bryophytes: nonvascular plants (Mosses;…

- - - - spore germinates and divides by mitosis producing a haploid gametophyte
        
        gametes combine during fertilization, forming a diploid zygote
  - - - These plants do not make pollen and can only reproduce when a film of water forms allowing their sperm to swim to the egg
    - - Seed: embryo sporophyte of a seed plant. The seed contains nutritive tissue within a protective coat
      - Produce next generation by releasing seeds
      - Gymnosperms: vascular seed plants
        
        non-flowering seed producers (pine trees)
      - Angiosperms: seed plants producing flowers and seeds
        
        most diverse group
        
        fruit: mature ovary of an angiosperm
        
        flower: reproductive shoot
        
        stamen: pollen producing reproductive organ
        
        Carpel: reproductive organ producing female gametophyte, contains ovary, stigma, and style
        
        Ovary: enlarged base of a carpel where eggs are fertilized
        
        Need pollinators to continue to produce the next generation
  - - - Mosses
        
        Most diverse lineage. Do not have roots or leaves
  - - - Ferns
        
        Rhizome: a horizontal growing stem
- - - - zygote (2n)
        
        meiosis
        
        spore-making structure (n)
        
        spores (n)
        
        mycelium (n)
  - - - mycorrhiza: mutalism between a soil fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
        
        Hyphae increase the absorbability of the leaves of their plant partner
      - Lichen: composite organism of a fungus and green algae or cyanobacteria
        
        provides structural support to photosynthetic cells
        
        colonize places that are too hostile for other plants to live
  - - - Hyphae: individual filament
  - - - mold: mass of fast growing hyphae
      - Life Cycle
        
        haploid mycelium grows and produces spores
        
        when food sources are limited, hyphae grow together
        
        cytoplasmic fusion produces immature zygospore (n + n)
        
        fusion of nuclei occur within zygospore resulting in a mature zygospore with many diploid nuclei
        
        zygospore undergoes meiosis and germinates, producing a new haploid mycelium
    - - Life Cycle
        
        haploid spore becomes haploid mycelium
        
        cytoplasmic fusion occurs resulting in a dikaryotic mycelium
        
        fruiting body develops
        
        fusion of nuclei occurs in cells at edge of mushroom gill, resulting in zygotes
        
        zygotes go through meiosis, producing haploid spores
- - - - gametes (n)
        
        fertilization
        
        zygote (2n)
        
        mitosis
        
        sporophyte plant (2n)