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Alterations in Ventilation and Diffusion (Emphysema (Enlargement of air…
Alterations in Ventilation and Diffusion
Pneumonia
The inflammation of the lungs occurring commonly in the bronchioles, interstitial lung tissue, or the alveoli.
community acquired
Clinical manifestations: fever, chills, cough, sputum production, pleuritic pain, "crackles"
Azithromycin, oxygen therapy, intravenous abx
hospital acquired
COPD
All chronic obstructive lung problems
Progressive, unremitting and irreversible
There is no cure; treatment includes supplemental oxygen
Emphysema
Enlargement of air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles
Mostly caused by smoking
Irreversible so treatment includes drug therapy and Abx. Supplemental oxygen is required
Chronic Bronchitis
Presence of a persistent, productive cough thats lasts for 3 months or longer
Treatment: pulmonary rehab, anti-inflammatory drugs
Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disorder that results in obstruction
Treatment includes
Monitoring lung function through peak flow testing
Controlling environmental triggers
Drugs to reverse inflammation
Patient education
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive disorder
Produces excessive and thick exocrine secretions that leads to obstruction, inflammation and infection
Treatment
Clearing airways of mucus
Avoiding respiratory infections
Enzyme supplements
manage disease complications
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema without evidence of fluid overload or impaired cardiac function
Treatment includes
Removing factors triggering the inflammatory response
Oxygen administration