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PHILOSOPHY (The birth of philosophy (700bce (Pre-Socratic philosophers/ …
PHILOSOPHY
The birth of philosophy
700bce
Pre-Socratic philosophers/
natural philosophers
Tried to answer questions
by studying nature
challenged mythological explanations
The first scientists,
the distinction between
science and philosophy
was still unclear
Emphasis on human reason
The growing need for argumentation
and rhetorical skills
The birth of democracy
Socrates
criticized
sophists (teachers of rhetorics)
True philosopher
loves wisdom for
its own sake
Philosophy studies everything
the method and arguments are
what matter
Epistemology:
the study of knowledge
Main epistemological theories
Rationalism
Empiricism
Scepticism
Political philosophy:
the study of society
Metaphysics:
the study of reality
Is there a god?
Main metaphysical theories
Materialism
Dualism
Idealism
Ethics:
the study of right and wrong
Main ethical theories
Consequentalism
Deontological theories
Virtue ethics
Plato
Aristotle
Plato: human soul
has three parts
Pleasure is not the most important
thing in life
