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Week 5: Proteins (Functions :check: (Source of energy, Fluid balance,…

- - - - The side chain (R) contribute to the properties :check:
        
        Size
        
        Shape
        
        Charge
        
        Hydrophobicity
        
        Reactivity
        
        Modifying Side Chain: Chemical groups can be added OR removed from the side chain of amino acids.
        
        carboxylation
        
        acetylation
        
        hydroxylation
        
        methylation
        
        phosphorylation
        
        REASON: To change the functions & roles of protein
      - Mirror Image of Molecules/Stereochemistry
        
        All amino acids except glycine have mirror images.
        
        The reason that the amino acid has a mirror image is because the four groups linked to the alpha Carbon have different molecular weights
        
        2 ways to classify chirality
        
        D/L System
        
        RS System (NOT TESTED)
    - - Essential Amino acids:amino acid that is needed by the body for its various functions but it cannot be made by the body
        
        Different living things can produce different essential amino acids. Thus, they varies in different living things.
  - - - Deoxyhemoglobin S causes fibre formation inside red blood cells
        
        A single mutation can causes changes in protein shape (hemoglobin) and result in diseases such as sickle-cell anemia.