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A 52 - year old female presents in the doctor's office complaining of…
A 52 - year old female presents in the doctor's office complaining of recent challenges with completing normal tasks. Genetic testing confirms that this patient has amyotophic lateral clerosis (ALS).
Background
Physiology
Functions cerebrum
Left cerebral hemisphere controls the right side of the body and also performs tasks that involve logic, such as in science and mathematics etc.
Right cerebral hemisphere coordinates the left side of the body, and performs tasks that are creative and related to arts.
The main functions of Cerebral cortex are attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness etc.
Function of spinal cord
It pass messages from the brain to different parts of the body, for performing an action, to pass messages from sensory receptors to the brain etc.
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Basal nuclei helps in voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements etc.
The main functions of cerebellum is receiving information from the spinal cord,sensory systems and other parts of the brain which help in regulating motor movements.
The descending tracts are the pathway in which motor signals are sent from the brain to lower motor neurons which directly innervate muscles to produce movement.
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Downstream effects
Fasciculations (muscle twitches) in the arm, leg, shoulder, or tongue
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Muscle cramps
Range of motion and stretching exercises help to prevent painful spasticity and shortening (contracture) of muscles.
Muscle weakness affecting an arm, a leg, neck or diaphragm.
Gentle, low-impact aerobic exercise such as walking, swimming, and stationary bicycling may helps strengthen unaffected muscles