PNS-consists of nerves and ganglia outside the spinal cord. It connects the CNS to the limbs and organs

CNS- Consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly

moter- carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors like muscles, organs, and glands

sensory- transmit impulses from sensory receptors in the skin or organs toward the CNS

integrating-conduct impulses within the CNS and integrate incoming sensory input to predict the proper motor output

excitatory neurotransmitters bind to and open the sodium chemically-gated ion channels

excitatory neurotransmitters open channels that depolarize the membrane

inhibitory neurotransmitters bind to an open the potasium and chloride channels

inhibitory neurotransmitters open channels that hyperpolarize the membrane

releases the toxin Tetanospasmin "tetanus toxin" and is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus

Tetanospasmin spreads via the lymphatic system and bloodstream throughout the body where it is then taken up into various parts of the nervous system

Tetanospasmin acts by blocking the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and gamme-aminobutyric acid at motor nerve endings

this then leads to a widespread activation of motor neurons and spasming of muscles through out the body

muscular system- supports movement, helps maintain posture, and circulate blood throughout the body

lymphatic system- network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins. It transports lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells throughout the body

step 6- myosin heads form cross bridges to the actin and pivot toward the M line causing chemically activated muscle contraction

step 7- ATP binds to the myosin heads, causing them to release muscle contraction and recock

step 5- the movement of Ca2+ into the muscle cell causes Ca2+ to bind to troponin, which moves tropomyosin, exposing the myosin-binding active sites

step 4- this causes depolarization of the T tubules and causes the release of Ca2+ from the terminal of the SR

step 3- ACh then binds to receptors on the motor end plate, if the end plate reaches threshold(-55) an action potential is propagated on the sarcolemma and down the T tubeles

step 2-influx of Ca2+ causes the exocytosis of ACh into the synaptic cleft

step 1- an action potential arrives at the axon terminal and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open causing an influx of Ca2+ into the axon terminal

a rapidly firing presynaptic neuron causes EPSPs that are close in time

summation brings the axons initial segment to threshold and AP fires

twp EPSPs at the same time from different locations add together

summation brings the axons initial segment to threshold and an AP fires

when more than one presynaptic neuron fires at the same time. EPSPs are generated at different locations of the neuron

breathing problems due to spasms of vocal cords and spasms of the muscles that control breathing

many bone fractures and fractures of the spine due to muscle spasms and convulsions

there could also be secondary infections developed due to prolonged hospital stays

Ultimately if this toxin remains in the bloodstream untreated the patient will die