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Pt Infected by Clostridium Tetani and How it affects the neuromuscular…
Pt Infected by Clostridium Tetani and How it affects the neuromuscular junction
Direct Cause: Clostridium Tetani is a bacterium that releases tetanus once inside the body it spreads and reaches motor neurons by bloodstream.
Tetanus travels up the axon into cell body in spinal cord. Where the inhibitory neuron prevents the motor neuron from constantly firing.
At the synapse the inhibitory neuron releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic junction but gets disrupted by the tetanus toxin.
The interneuron can no longer control the motor neuron so it fires constantly. Leading to continuous release of neurotransmitters to terminal bulbs,
Muscle Fibers contract repeatedly until muscle spasms occurs.
Indirect Cause: Patient didn't get the tetanus shot vaccine that protects against the bacteria.
Patient also got a tattoo from a sketchy parlor on his shoulder.
Respiratory System
Respiratory failure
death
Muscular System
muscle spasms
muscle contractions
pain muscle stiffness
facial muscle spasms
Cardiovascular System
cardiac arrest
High blood pressure
fast heart rate
Skeletal System
Lock Jaw
broken and fracture bones
Nervous system
seizures
Urinary System
kidney failure
Respiratory system
Lungs
Muscular System
skeletal muscles
attached to bone
striated
cardiac muscles
striated
smooth muscle
no striated
Muscle fibers
long and cylindrical
Sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
more than one nucleus
myofibrils
bundles
t -bules
Cardiovascular system
blood vessels
heart
Urinary System
Kidney
Nervous System
Spinal Cord
brain
Nervous System
spinal cord
sends signals to body
Skeletal system
bones
Mandible and maxilla of the face
Muscular System
caridac muscle
pump blood
smooth muscle
moves substances
skeletal muschles
provide structure motion and heat
muscle fibers
skeletal muscle tissue cells
sarcolemma
muscle fiber plasma membrane
sarcoplasm
glycosomes
glycogen storage
myoglobin- oxygen storage
ATP
t-tubules
conduct contractions deep within the muscle fiber
myofibrils
sliding filament mechanisms
Cardiovascular system
pumps blood
urinary system
filter blood and eliminate waste
Respiratory system
gas exchange
3 Functional Classification
sensory
unipolar
neurons with one extension
interneurons
multipolar
neurons with multiple extensions
motor neuron
multipolar
neurons with multiple extensions
bipolar
neurons with two extensions
The Process of Summation
excitatory postsynaptic potentials
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
3 functional classifications
Sensory neurons
neurons that transmit impulses from sensory receptors in the skin or organs toward the central nervous system
Interneurons
neurons that conduct impulses within the CNS and integrate incoming sensory input
Motor neurons
neurons carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors, such as muscles, organs, or glands
Neuromuscular Junction
presynaptic neuron
neuron before the synapse
neurotransmitters
the chemical messengers released from the presynaptic neuron bind to the postsynaptic neuron
postsynaptic neuron
neuron after the synapse
synaptic cleft
the neurotransmitter- containing vesicles located in the axon terminals
synaptic vesicle
the area of indirect contact between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
Neuromuscular Junction
motor neurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
ACh attaches to chemically gated channels on sarcollemma
sodium is going in
Excitation contraction coupling
Neuron releases acetylcholine (ACh)
chemically gated sodium (Na+) channels open
membrane of a muscle of a muscle depolarizes
voltage gated calcium channels open
calcium binds to troponin
tropomyosin unblocks the myosin binding sites on actin
myosin attaches to (and slides past) actin
Summation Process
No summation
a slowly firing presynaptic neuron causes ESPS that far apart in time
temporal summation
a rapidly firing presynaptic neuron cause EPSPs that are close in time
spatial summation
If more than one presynaptic neuron fires at the same time. EPSPs are generated at different locations on neuron.
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
open channels that hyperpolarize the membrane
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)
changes that hyperpolarize the membrane
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
open channels that depolarize
Excitatory Postsynaptic potentials
changes that depolarize the membrane
changes that depolarize the membrane