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23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spams…
23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spams
upstream causes
direct
clostridium tetani
tetanus toxin
blocks neuron from releasing neurotransmitters at the synapse
axon terminals of the peripheral system
transmitted by dirty needles
bacterium found in soil
indirect
sketchy tattoo parlor
needle was most likely dirty
one way to get clostridium tetani
background information
physiology
organ systems
skeletal
provides structural support
protect organs
nervous
integration
motor
sensory
cardiovascular
pump blood through the body
immune
body's defense against infections
respiratory
exchange gases through body
cells
nuerons
dendrites
receives information
axon
carries impulses AWAY from cell body
cell body/soma
synthesizes proteins
axon terminals
converts electrical signal to a chemical signal
excitation-contraction coupling
neurontransmitters
acetylcholine
myosin
troponin
ion channels
chemically-gated sodium channels
voltage-gated calcium channels
cells
neuron
axon terminal
ions
calcium
sodium
process of summation
temporal summation
rapidly firing presynaptic neuron
causes ESPS that are close in time
spatial summation
more than one presynaptic neuron firing the same time
ESPS are generated at different locations
no summation
slowly firing presynaptic neuron
causes ESPS that are far apart in time
anatomy
organ systems malfunctioning
skeletal
nervous
cardiovascular
immune
respiratory
cells
nuerons
Cell body
nucleus and most of organelles are found
dendrites
branched processes that extend from cell body
axon terminals
ends of the axon
contains synaptic vessels
axon
large process that extends from cell body to axon terminals
structural classifications
Bipolar
multipolar
unipolar
Downstream effects
organ systems affected
skeletal system
bone fractures
muscle spasms
lockjaw
muscle contractions
jaw
neck
nervous system
brain damage
due to lack of oxygen
cardiovascular system
abnormal heart rhythm
immune system
secondary infections
due to prolonged hospital stays
respiratory system
pneumonia
infection of the lungs
breathing problems
due to laryngospasms
spasms of the vocal cords
