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Chapter 22 Lecture 1 (Structures of the Upper Respiratory System, Sinuses,…

- - - - Defensins fight against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and some viruses
      - Lactoferrin uses iron, making nutrient unavailable to microbial contaminants
      - Lysozyme breaks down peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall
- - - - Ciliated mucous membrane, alveolar macrophages, and secretory antibodies
      - Cilia beat 1000 times per minute to carry the mucus and trapped contaminants up to the pharynx (ciliary escalator)
      - This mucus and all that it collected goes to the digestive system to be destroyed