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23 year old male is unable to speak and is experiencing severe muscle…
23 year old male is unable to speak and is experiencing severe muscle spasms in the face and arm. Patient has been exposed to bacteria Clostridium tetani by tattoo needle.
Physiology
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Summation
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Spatial Summation
More than one presynaptic neuron fires at the same time. EPSP's are generated at different locations in the neuron
If one of the presynaptic neurons creates an IPSP, it can override the EPSP
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Direct Cause
Motor neurons synapse with muscles fibers at the Neuromuscular Junction. Here, motor neurons release ACh. With tetanus infection, there is an interference with the vesicular release of ACh, like with botulinum toxin. But with tetanus, the toxin is transported across synapses and taken up by the nerve endings of inhibitory GABA or glycine neurons; which control the activity of the lower motor neurons. This leads to increased muscle activity in the form of involuntary muscle contractions and reflex spasms.
Indirect Cause
The dirty needle used at the tattoo shop was infested with the spores of the bacteria, Clostridium Tetani. Old metal that has been left long enough will rust and collect this bacteria. The rust does not cause the bacteria though; it is found in animal digestive tracts, dust, as well as soil. Since this bacterial metal penetrated the patients skin, it infected him with the bacteria that turns into toxin once it enters the body.
Downstream Effects
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Muscular system
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Opisthotonus
Backward arching of the head, neck, and spine
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