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The Bourgeois Revolutions (French Revolution (Art (Empire Style (1800…
The Bourgeois Revolutions
American Revolution
Independence
Declaration of Independence
July 4th 1776
13 brititsh colonies
Philadelphia
Thomas Jefferson
Enlightenment political principles
First bourgeois revolution
Causes
Colonies wanted Parliamentary representation
British refused
Britain rose taxes
Control over their commercial activities
War of Independence (1775-1783)
First revolutionary war in History
Leaders
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Got help from France, Spain and the Netherlands
In 1783, GB recognised the Independence of the new nation
U.S. Constitution
Written in 1787
Established Federal Republic
Popular sovereignty
Separation of Powers
Equality of all citizens
Limited suffrage
1789
George Washington first president of U.S.
French Revolution
Causes
Abolition of absolute monarchy
End of states system of Ancien Régime
Influence of Enlightenment
Bourgeoisie supported Enlightenment ideas
Tried to put them in parctice
Political Crisis
Estates General
Representatives of the 3 states
Advise the king on important issues
Vote
Nobilty and Clergy
300 Representatives each- 1 vote each
Third Estate
600 representatives- 1 vote
Economic Crisis
French state bankrupt
Participation in military conflicts
Louis XVI's ministers suggested increase taxes
Royal family spent money on luxury goods
Social Crisis
estates discontented with the crown
Nobility and Clergy refused to pay taxes
Middle class and peasantry also discontented
bourgeosie wanted to abolish absolute monarchy
petite bourgeoisie suffering economic difficulties
peasantry also suffering economic difficulties
Middle class and peasantry angered with the luxurious lifestyle of the royal family
and with their privileges
Louis XVI called Estates general in 1789 to increase taxes
Begining of French Revolution
Stages of the French Revolution
The National Assembly
Meeting of Estates General
Third Estate proposed new voting system
Each representative has an individual vote
King refused
Third Estate true representatives of the nation
Formed a national assembly
Demanded a Constitution
The Constituent Assembly
King agrees to demands
Constituent Assembly to write a Constitution
Riot in the streets of Paris 14 July 1789
Attack of the Bastille
Legal reforms
Abolished feudal rights
Declaration of the rights of man and citizen
All men are born free and equal in their rights
Louis XVI tried to escape to Austria
1791 Constitution
Constitutional Monarchy
Popular sovereignty
separation of powers
limited male suffrage
Legislative Assembly
2 political groups
Girondins
believed in revolution
interests of the bourgeoisie
mantain limited male suffrage
Jacobins
Believed in revolution
Radicals
Abolish monarchy
Expand suffrage
The Convention
Louis XVI accused of treason and executed
European Countries declare war on France
Robespierre
Jacobin
Terror
42.000 people executed by guillotine
The Directory and the Consulate
1795
Middle class has control of the country
Stop violence and executions
Directory
Conservative government
5 members
1799
Napoleon Bonaparte organised a coup d'etat
Established the consulate
3 leaders (consuls)
Napoleon head of state, First Consul
Napoleonic Empire
Named first consul for life in 1802
Declared himself Emperor of France in 1804
Achievements
Domestic Policy
Set of laws that apply equally to all citizens
New legal concepts
Civil marriage
Divorce
Adoption
State education
International Policy
Lands conquered
enlightened and revolutionary policies
Constitutions that abolished absolute monarchy
Crisis and desintegration of Ancien Régime
Political changes
New forms of governments
Republics
New constitutions
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
limited male suffrage
Elections
political groups
Economic Changes
all citizens had to pay taxes
private property rights
free trade
Social changes
estates system ceased to exist
Art
Neoclassicism
Enlightenment ideas
reflected aspects of the FR and Napoleonic Empire
Empire Style (1800-1820)
Napoleon's aesthetic tastes
imperialist propaganda
Decorations imaitated classical Greek and Roman styles
Architecture
Commemorative arches and columns
Sculpture
White marble
Mythological themes or famous people
Painting
Historical and mythological themes
Portraits of famous people
