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UNIT 2: BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS (FRENCH REVOLUTION (ART (reflects…
UNIT 2: BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1775-1783)
leaders
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
1783
end war
GB recognised colonies independence
american people
vs
British army
help from other countries
1st revolutionary war
CAUSES OF THE INDEPENDENCE
GB needed money
because of wars
increase taxes in the colonies
13 colonies
wanted control over their economic activites
13 colonies
wanted parliamentary representation
U.S. CONSTITUTION
recognised
equality for everyone
(suffrage only for men)
established
federal republic
separation of powers
popular sovereignty
1789
George Washington
1st president U.S.
written: 1787
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
independence 13 colonies
from Great Britain
most of it by Thomas Jefferson
4th July 1776
1st legal text
Enlightenment ideas
intransferible rights
popular sovereignty
FIRST BOURGEOIS REVOLUTION
FRENCH REVOLUTION
NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE
1804
Napoleon: Emperor of France
Achievements
Domestic policy
civil code
set of laws
new legal concepts
adoption
divorce
state education
civil marriage
International policy
conquered lands
enlightened and revolutionary policies
constitutions
abolition absolute monarchy
military victories
expand his empire
1802
Napoleon: First Consul
ART
Empire style (1800-1820)
reflected Napoleon tastes
imperialist propaganda
simple forms and decorations
imitated classical styles
reflects
Napoleonic Empire
French Revolution
ARCHITECTURE
commemorative arches and columns
roman empire
late 18th and early 19th century
Enlightenment ideas influence
Neoclassicism predominant style
SCULPTURE
white marble
mythological themes
famous people
PAINTING
themes
historical
mythological
famous people
STAGES
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
political groups in favour of the revolution
JACOBINS
control price raises
expand suffrage
abolish absolute monarchy
radical
support from sans-culottes
GIRONDINS
liberal economic activities
bourgeoisie's interests
limited suffrage
moderated
legal changes
CONVENTION
european countries declared war
Jacobins took government
leader: Robespierre
dictatorship:"TERROR"
Louis XVI
executed in guillotine
accused of treason
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
attack to the Bastille
1789
riots in France
legal reforms
Declaration of the Rights of Men and the Citizens
end of feudal rights
king accepted
created this assembly
write a constitution
1791
separation of powers
constitutional monarchy
limited male suffrage
popular sovereignty
DIRECTORY AND CONSULATE
1799
CONSULATE
First Consul: Napoleon Bonaparte
3 members
General Napoleon Bonaparte
military coup
1795
DIRECTORY
formed by 5 members
to stop violence
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
3rd state
true nation representatives
created National Assembly
demanded a constitution
3rd state new voting system
individual vote
king refused
consequences
changes
economic
end of privileges
free trade
private property rights
all citizens pay taxes
social
end of states system
political
end of absolute monarchy
new constitutions
elections: political groups
new government
desintegration Ancien Régime
crisis
period violent political and social change
CAUSES
ECONOMIC CRISIS
France in bankrupt
royal family luxuries
participation in conflicts
solution: raise taxes for everyone
POLITICAL CRISIS
Estates General: unfair
SOCIAL CRISIS
everyone was discontented
INFLUENCE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Supporters of Enlightenment
wanted their ideas in practice
end absolute monarchy
end states system