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UNIT2. THE BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS (Art (reflected (French Revolution,…
UNIT2. THE BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS
bourgeoisie gained
political power
social status
Two revolutions
American
Independence
bourgeoisie's first triumph
Example to follow
French
absolute monarchy end
new period
Modern Ages
Declaration of Independence
proclaim their independence
from Great Britain
Declaration
July 4th 1776
13 British colonies
in Philadelphia
most of it
Thomas Jefferson
1st time
legal text
Enlightenment political principles
Popular sovereignty
Inalienable rights
freedom
equality
happiness
US Independence
1st bourgeois revolution
Causes of the Independence
13 colonies
rich
prosperous territories
sent raw materials to GB
economically important
parliamentary representation
London
British refused
Wars
France
GB
Control of Canada
Britain needed money
rose taxes
colonies
refused to pay
Colonist
control over
commercial activities
imposed from GB
most important
Tea
War of Independence (1775-1783)
1st revolutionary war in History
American people
against
British army
leaders of the war
Thomas Jefferson
political ideologist
Benjamin Franklin
scientist
George Washinton
charge of the troops
help
France
commercial enemy of GB.
the
Netherlands
Spain
1783
Great Britain recognised
the independence
of the nation
The U.S. Constitution(1787)
established federal republic
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
recognised
legal equality of all citizens
suffrage was limited
only male citizens
certain level of wealth
property
1789
George Washington is elected
1st president of USA
French Revolution
Causes
period of violent
political
change
social
saw
abolition absolute monarchy
States system of AR end
1. Influence of the Enlightenment
French intellectuals
supported Enlightenment ideas
all French
equal
free
under the law
the bourgeoisie
2. Political crisis
Estates General
collet
representatives
three states of the realm
advise the king
tax increase
Both
1º clergy
300 representatives in EG
each group had one
vote
2º nobility
3º middle class and the peasantry
600 representatives in EG
3. Economic crisis
French state was bankrupt
due to
participation military conflicts
American War of Independence
royal family
palaces
luxury goods
extravagant parties
improve the country's finances
Louis XVI's ministers
increase taxes
even privileged upper
classes.
4. Social crisis
three estates of the realm
discontented with the crown
nobility and clergy
economic privileges
refused to pay
middle class and peasantry
also discontented
angered
luxurious lifestyle
royal family
court
privileges
clergy
nobility
bourgeoisie
abolish the absolute monarchy
can't participate in government
petite bourgeoisie
economic difficulties
higher taxes
wars
British products competition increase
peasantry
economic problems
poor harvests
wars
taxes
pay higher rent
clergy and nobility
increase
political
problems
economic
Louis XVI
call
1789 Estates General
increase taxes
beginning of the French Revolution
Stages of the French Revolution
National Assembly
Third Estate proposed
new voting system
individual vote
each representative
king refused
Third Estate declared themselves
true representatives of the nation
formed a National Assembly
demanded a constitution
Constituent Assembly
King agreed to demands
New
constitution
protesters made riot in streets
14 July 1789,
attacked the Bastille
riots in france
countryside
cities around
legal reforms
Abolished feudal rights
Declaration of the Rights of man and the citizen
Louis XVI
tried to escape
Austria
He can't
1791
constitution
constitutional monarchy
popular sovereignty
separation of powers
limited male suffrage
Legislative Assembly
legal changes
After the constitution
Two political groups
Girondins
believed in revolution
interests of the bourgeoisie
moderate political ideas
liberal economic policies
helped the middle class
limited suffrage
Jacobins
believed in revolution,
radical political ideas
abolish the monarchy
king on trial
help the workers
expand the suffrage
control price rises
result
support from sans-culottes.
Louis XVI
opposed the reforms
support in Austria
Legislative Assembly
imprisoned him
abolished the monarchy
declared France a republic.
Convention
new assembly
Louis XVI
treason
executed
european countries
coalition
war to France
prevent a revolution
Terror
dictatorship
defend revolution
Jacobins
persecuted
42000 gillotine
Robespierre
guillotine
Place de la Révolution
Directory and Consulate
1795
France
moderate middle class
control of country
Directory
stop
violence
executions
5 members
conservative government
1799
France
war
European powers
home
radical revolutionaries
control
Napoleon
military group
coup d'état
Consulate
3 consuls
head of state himsef
First Consul
Napoleonic Empire
1802
First Consul
1804
Emperor of France
Achievements
Domestic policy
Civil Code
set of laws
equally
new legal concepts
civil marriage
divorce
adoption
state education
International policy
military victories
enlightened
:policies
revolutionary
French Revolution
consequences
desintegration
of AR
crisis
Napoleonic Empire
changes
Political
absolute monarchy end
Economic
privileges end
All citizens
pay taxes
nobility and clergy
private property rights.
Free trade
middle class merchants
benefits
Social changes
estates system end
Art
Late 18th and early 19th
Enlightenment ideas
culture
Neoclassicism
artistic style
reflected
French Revolution
Napoleonic Empire.
(1800-1820)
Empire style
Napoleon's personal aesthetic tastes.
propaganda
emperor
militari victories
achievements.
Simple forms
imited
classical Greek
Roman art styles
decorations
Architecture
Commemorative
arches
columns
similar Roman Empire.
Sculpture
white marble.
Represented
mythological themes
famous people.
Painting
themes
mythological
historical
famous people portraits